Fill-in blanks AND be sure to add all of the information that is presented in class so these notes and future notes will be complete. Note: Drawing lines in this outline during lecture to indicate a new slide may be helpful.Chapter 1 (continued)5. Living organisms grow Growth involves the ___conversion of materials acquired from the environment into molecules.6. Living organisms reproduce • Give rise to offspring which __allows for the continuation of life.• Reproductive process differs between organisms.• End result is the same7. Living organisms, collectively, __have the capacity to evolve._• Evolution occurs through the process of _natural selection._• The process by which organisms with specific adaptations ___reproduce more successfully than others.__• Ex: Giraffes with long necks can reach food that others cannot• Therefore?• All identified life forms possess these seven characteristics • Are viruses alive?• Made up of DNA or RNA with a protein coat. They are _hijackers who cause the infected host cells to become _virus-making factories_. Genetic material can quickly change as mistakes in replication (_mutations_) are common.• What life characteristics do they have?• What life characteristics do they lack?• Viruses are parasites that skirt the boundaries between life and inert matter.- Dr. Luis Villarreal• How do scientists categorize the diversity of life?• Three major categories or _domains_• _Bacteria__• _Archaea_• _Eukarya_• How do scientists categorize the diversity of life?• Within the three domains organisms are further classified:• _Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species• Binomial naming scheme:Homo sapiens• How do scientists categorize the diversity of life?• Cell type___Prokaryotic____• Bacteria and Archaea• Do not have an enclosed nucleus• Smaller is size• Do not have membrane bound organelles___Eukaryotic_____• Eukarya• Membrane enclosed nucleus• Larger in size• Membrane bound organelles• Cell number• Unicellular• Organisms composed of single cells• _All domains__• Multicellular• Organisms composed of many cells• _Only Eukarya__• Energy Acquisition• Autotrophic• “self-feeding”• _Photosynthetic organisms_• _All domains_• Heterotrophic• “other feeding”• _Absorption of individual food molecules_• _Ingestion of food_• _All domains_• How do scientists study life?• Life can be studied at many different levels • Each level is a building block for the next• Atom Molecule Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Multicellular organism Population Species Community Ecosystem Biosphere • Mud Brick Wall Building• ____ - the smallest particle of an element that still _________________________________________________________________________________________________ – a combination of atoms• Can be made up of different elements or same_Cells__ – The smallest unit of life!__Tissue__ – a group of similar cells that perform __a specific function__________________________ ________________ – A structure typically composed of several tissue types that perform a functionOrgan system – Two or more organs working together to carry out a specific body functionMulticellular organism – an individual living thing composed of many cellsSpecies – very similar, __potentially interbreeding organisms___ under natural conditions. __Populations__ – members of the same species inhabiting the same areaCommunity – two or more populations of different organisms living and interacting in the same area Ecosystem – __a community together with its non-living surroundings _.Biosphere – the part of Earth inhabited by living organisms; includes both living and non-living components• How do scientists study life?These principles underlie all scientific inquiry• __Natural casuality__ – lightening is an electrical discharge from clouds (not thrown by Zeus)• __Natural Laws apply everywhere and across time_ - all of earth is affected by laws of gravity now as it has been billions of years ago• Common perception – the grass is green• Scientific method [Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment or Observation, and Conclusion]• Science is a process leading to discovery• Curiosity about an observation leads to a question• Why? How?• Through the scientific method we first formulate a hypotheses and predictions• Predictions are usually in the form of IF/THEN statements• Scientific method• Design an experiment!• Test it!• Test for one variable at a time• Variable-Factor• Biology experiments _test the assertion that one variable is the cause of a specific observation• The results from your experiment either _support or reject your hypothesis.__• Obs. Cat will not eat special food with ground up medicine from green plate• Q. • Hyp. • Pred. If it’s the medicine he’s opposed to, then if he’s offered just the food (on the same plate), he will eat it.• Obs. He didn’t eat it• Concl. The hypothesis was not supported• Classic example of the scientific method at work• Observation – flies swarm around meat, maggots appear on the meat• Question – where do the maggots come from?• Classic example of the scientific method at work• Hypothesis – Flies produce maggots• Prediction – IF flies produce maggots, THEN keeping flies off the meat will prevent maggots • Classic example of the scientific method at work• Hypothesis – an educated guess, an explanation • Theory – a general explanation of important natural phenomena ___________________________________________________________________________• Examples: ___________________________________________________• Theories are commonly known as ____________________________________*It is possible for theories to be _________________ Example:
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