,'., q.Chapter 12: Fat-Soluble Vitamins q\^d ^ ++4. vitamins . .7oun r'P*l*tv*'Essential og3!i. substances'Produce @ symptoms when missing from diet1\e\J ) e-ne,rX1 /tt*ffi l.^.*-rie.!ri n3 eher,..i ca-i re^c+icf,,st-err? \ wre5t v ilztw.l "', c\a-s s t Pi ccticns- wcdet. So[w'h\<. $ _carvgr\ex g Oir.-. *.^in C^ f,a-| solL,a-bQ.A.6tD,k-tr4.,1 - 5c,\ uot-b\<* no+ rccrdi\1 excne+<-J (evc-eF+ vit. L)- kualer-5o\ab\e*Cacrne,ro.-t! loj,t €rc,.. +VreW\ ({_kc"_gt v.rt. 6u^,".r8r.)>I EycrexJ "fo ki,u_- vi'fcr-rvr) nJ gl".oo\A be- ccr\ sL rh4-Jdq-l(J. # Soru- ca.Pf 'fo>ic i1r,rr V t ]-eurraln +-o * ,j c .,+.4 Ol\- t4+ -folva-5ta yitro,-,.i.19 -h","ffi'1.**Q-.r- i gt" (***J vt.la,,*,in A'nr-+thA.er (e+i*-,.,1 tend re-hAo,,c a.ia' D\e+a,t r"*;;; :"*': r-e+'no;c a cf41lai\ ',:,:: rtLec' Ft>ho; l$ r't-.+iefuJj4i 3 Tra'.aso ca4\ acct-+vta,l-a,-(L in*|.r.- bde"t&*s.rt-o-Uto- vi+. o.x-nrvi<--.+-:- wc\-+C^ Sotrre.b-e"t"5cn'v- c-a-xi. ca-,-r.54 Lr-i" i,- r's5| titr o? du< +."-rrn*-r,,J*.--dtiSal,.,l in orSa-nic folu4nttnol tvoJt' e e,,rc ru_teJ*c*^ .j." *_.V- ab:orto{ o-.'".,^o*tt: *J- a+ -fr^;;'f.;/ A** ^ ^2 cas4l Jecrc.ie-^a-- -].r-c.n s fEr4€d qr { fc-# )51$iPornobtnrJ 7rvaLocls. + A)S-4nt"nrq-iqlo" AEh y\.i*= v i+,.*i,^.4+FARetinyl ester = vitamin A + FA'vl+aryrin:. Vitamin A Absorption (Retinyl Ester ) .yrk_,,I'4<-+rna1V*,O.*j,r/tf!.G.e+inol I pg-can be converted to Vitamin A. Dietary sources: dark green and yellow orange vegetables and fruits3s'"1 bloodItnehALChq\orwtescvrr'eIntl\ askc\q,r',i. ,ra\r,€vv'Fo"U+eLsfvltc,LLU-Vitamin A Absorpti." (B,;p-gX:?Hfu"\e- ccJEA€/Nr.Csz,r.eSi<,p\..tl.ri c.!-l-c\+C(scovcic:r^to\chStox.lcrc,nfp-.ln^fs. "4LLiwtG+*a,f g;A\4.,cd1r^y5,+tv'o&cx)tL7Llo,,pt^ -- o,ift:nrcr-oc.Xrc)+zlipoc.$.<_Vc\\ow.tr,r-a,,,\r.ll.tRnq& cpetMetabolismLe-. Conversion of Vitamin A compoundsfcrt\,.'"\ q 6+Lr C+^l^44)v(S+tz.c".-Xt sfae)W+a Cctfa\e.r<- Cd-r,G$-o;l"w*"VlVitamin A Needs (table)RDA'W. $N.{1900 micrograms retinol activity equivalent (RAE). \pC\NAelN700 micrograms RAEDaily Value. Approximately 1,000 microgramsAverage current intake meets 1) ?-fFunctions of Vitamin A (Retinoids) .*r4> ;* ..+Growth and Development -sv7^; ;3|, ;.**croo ^rW.r^,r^u^ Z6.rr ,f " ,yf c'Vision [A'- ,"+\Wrv.rr"tx.tkr,.cu.*tor. '/ _ _.!.o-Dermatology , N-- Cacq^oi5 Qr"rt a"S- 2s1.'noic-+)1,Carotenoid FunctionsVitamin AEla C.c-ic_nctcsfsw,a9;!q 'y\o\ ruP,r>iYY,le^;"mi laa.Vitamin ANight blindnessXtroYh+halrrn?q- (permanent blindness)Cr.1rua. fTaq^'lb<-i*s'' lt ou*Follicular hyperkeratosis - br,vi \Juy.tr v+tctl t h c.l +hc haincrrslcln(rat sotubte vitam:n TilTloavlDepends if from retinol or beta-carotene' Rettno\Stored in liver ) lead to liverfailure. \A,\a,- Cr,r-Co+ec.e-xk) hypervit"-inosis AlgP*Nc=t€ta r rt4s .r.fe"L q_-fc€S. VitaminD-ActivationVitamin D - calciferolRequirementehe\es\".co\ ^-fI sL"^,-iooa I*so..*) J-l Liw nI r lS -li hq&oxq Vi+-cu..;nDg -l tZ_,Jvl1 S(ac'1i"f €^S\. ou" to:lH:ii:::ipocvtes ).build up called hvpercarotenemia-Marginotr.ffi4d ^---- Upper limit: 3000 micrograms/day retinolVitamin D (cahiferdi)ffiP(oV\OC nnoc.oFat solubleEssential in diet. Sources: Fatty fish, cod liver oil, fortified dairy products and somefortified breakfast cerealsCan be >Bn+4t:\Aed by b-ody. RequYrement lsunlight a-3times a week for\Ct- l: rr.i ^c'{csminutesChemistry. Provitamins & related compunds7-dehydrocholesterol( SreUrf,p<- )Cholecalciferol (inactive vitamin D3)Calcitriol ( Ar,nuc.&rn. of vitamin D)- - f'eU*Aro cho\€'\c-r'o\ (ert-..-t -- Cr--5\'Y\\itn€ ItCuv) pr.evi{a.n^ln\> 5ts\A"**\ t"''t'+ v ir**ir'p3 (i'-o",+"*,. 2=*)"'XJrox{ 1l;c'-rw'n D3$qtrtoxr1\c":r +. Few foods contain vitamin D naturallyr LoL \r,rre.l. o\a-1Cod liver oil. RDA's. VitaminD-calciferol- w1(l^.,{ t"ttl- b{t ar.-kJ oaraslJ lurr9t\Absorption - from food. Micelle ) intestinalcell ) chylomicron, etcMetabolism. U'tr€ f- from liver to target cells or tissue. ViJu.{.\5 - final activation sitelf problem exists in either organ, metabolism and activationalteredFunctions of Vitamin Dca.r&*LRegulatesVa\m\ ca!,zturrn \oio. Along with the parathyroid hormone. Regulates calcium + phosphorus absorption. Reduces \AtJ-rvr,l- excretion of calcium. Regulat"r."l.iri-JffiEn-in bonesfur,q {t^ i"*rroni- i <&+icrr.. Deve I o p *" n-& rr'r " i r',t" n" n."lnfluences normal. Linked to reduction of breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Role in Bone FormationCauses calcium + phosphorus to deposit in the bones',".$u\-^N. Strengthens bonesI ELE[5 is the result of low vitamin. Bones fail to calcify normallyBone softnessBreastfed infants with little sun exposureBowing legs0[\ess.ir\o.r(^ (soft bones). Rickets-like disease in adults @Jo\9oXnr*r. Bones lose minerals and become porous \Vitamin D - calciferolToxicity- V\rW-rN,"*,*ottrO. No risk offoxicity from sun exposureaaalncreased vitamin D leads to increased i co'tra''*Calcium stores in kidneys and jointsMonitor 3f,W\Ur.,.e,h&6*tCIA. Adult margin of safety - UL S0ygldayVitamin E - lntroduction(vrt:ca."rzd{ors. Many claims - some not fact15pg/day from15pg/day frombtr.Vh - 5o\2.,.,s:51-70 yrs2}1tg/day from -1\ .1 15 t Obao C-an not improve physical performance. Enhance sexual performance. Slow or prevent Agt^q. Slow progression of Y ' ?.-v-u-t,..,:"rJsAntioxidant. Prevents breakdown of 0d1,u0aru W\.0,lnnhelu0Essential nutrientFat soluble. Vit4ii{- - Chemistry' Tocopherolsc alpha *p betaY gamma6 deltaAbsorption. Micelle ) chylomicron) lymph etc.. Vitamin E Functions. Stabilizes cell membranesReduces O><YAc^-*fr,^tOther antioxidant compounds. Glutathirone peroxidaseSe-\e,rqu.. Superoxide dismutaseCopper, Zinc and ManganeseVitamin ERequirements. Terminologymost activeI_)o , btat-\in humans-6,..Ur{ .ilt$n""' /\L - Oils-*S' " -]-'H-"tt il::" rearY vegeta bre' ' t'qseTE - 0,- \oco oV,.al'o\ equivalentsRDAY6 mg/daySourcesSr,-*s ?:rzAs.,*.vud-' l*.,. n3'*n -*li^it L{esu '. UL tO0Omg/dayVitamin KSynthesized by bqI-J<J.na in the coton and absorbeds.Role in calcium-binding potentialprocessSeveralforms found in the diet. Vitamin KChemistry. Synthetic form. Rx from MDAbsorption and metabolism. Same as vitamin A, D, & EVitamin KFunctiona lL.^^ t^e-Thrarqbi, ffil?*ffiT:l:i:,(j'od c,otting)(1. #_activated by prothrombin. .. I, roth rqrnbin _ vitamin K dependent. Koagulation = vitamin KDeficiencv. ' 0,&'.ti. to see deficiencyPossible with long term antibioticsVitamin K Leads to hemorrhagingRequirements. Women 90pg/d3y. Men t2OMdaVSourcesItaa. Vitamin K,'* ? ::il, t_".,]!,u"s"ta b I