l SaqP Chapter 7 Protein Overview of Protein Body is made up of thousands of proteins Contain fl are the building blocks of proteins carbon hydrogen and o ygen nghO qd k and N 0 1r Proriides essentialform of ni t nnlr ainS body functions a Structure of Protein Amino Acids I rrmre5ftJ t i0fl amino acids 11 a a Body can produce Not needed in the diet Qe 4 q ef Hol J essentialamino acids Essentidl during infancy disease or traErma amino acids 9 M st be taken in via food Cannot be synthesized bythe body in the form of amino acids u 3 Protein synthesis is S ooef if an AA is missing How Are Proteins Made r Proteins are long chains or Atrico0cfi s Amino acids are joined to each other by Ff iAo bmc s The structure of each protein is dictated uv irri DN A of a gene Jsl r ah 4 zb aJheF r i qe o 6e t tian cr 7 btrds t rt A o lt Aou t rh 41g How Are Proteins Made T Yrtrf O CJl mRNA copies the genetic information from DNA the genetic information in RNA is converted into the amino acids sequence of a protein Synthesis of Protein OsetUt dtG wur l4o 6cr ti cn protein organization Primary Structure c r n sequen ot ftrrrtnoqcth Determin S Secondary Structure fo t v How AA sequence fold up locally Tertiary Structure 3 D s 1 tt ne qt b on 5 n J irnco qN S4k rl vo tir EJ folding of the t c6ilU vkructural j D elements o 1 1nffi P ex Hemoglobin secondary structure is reproduced in 3 or 4 S r t spots How Are Proteins Made Profern 1 Wnuref New proteins are nnde Existing protein are 4 d to provide the building blocks for new proteins Protein rflJL tr t t determines function Amino acid sequence S ttpu tsA us bond to form a larger protein 50 Q 3 dimensional shape l GeneticDiseases r Some genetic diseases can result in protein abnormalities i e S c l z cz9 anemia Synthesis of Non Essential Amino Acids f fr Asn uvu AlrtfCIn IgSpgS of an qrry tih group from an amino acid to a carbon skeleton to form a new amino acid Tp otrrtnnti on Amino acid lpqine a n amine group Amine e out1 ffirporateJ n o tLN in the Excreted in urine Sources of Protein Diet and recycling of body protein i bcqhAiloortta 7U1 supplied by meat poultry fish milk and milk products legumes and nuts Worldwide 6olo of protein comes from d it r 1 How to incorporate more plant protein e Ur g ar gcllcir vs Ar 4 Proteins in the Diet For all essentialamino acids must be available proteins in the Diet Essential amino acid that is missing or in the smallest supply Slows down or halts protein synthesis 161 lgsqnd ts q l ffi nfgg 0f C f rotein does not contain all essential amino acids Not sufficient for growth and health Considered a protein SS gi protein contains sufficient amounts of all 9 essential amino acids Derived from animaland soy protein Considered a I protein a Complementary Protffi Complementory proteins two or more foods that together supply all 9 essential amino acids for a complete protein I Z erAa l i ffi w Cs ra nt k t ira 1 l stu Lnt t ytlclie n iar cq Protein ote rtioflg ffi r CK Pcttt nna c Lz S lst t i rrorern orcE3tffpegrns rn Tne sromacn b r r l secreted by stomach lining cells that stimulates f l S hormone gastric juice production Iisreaks fl1f Eb an enzyme that breaks down proteins into short down protein structure and activates pcilypeptides and amino acids Proteins are Heat acid base enzymes results in a lteration of the protein s three dimensionalstructure VnCO e r rrftqinq rta s en3 rrt 16 61 n a trJ can brea l J Lx eq3 cw clPa o rbri r Protein Digestion Digestion continues in the small intestine Release ot L K stimulates r nereo ktc enzymes catled cne qces complete the digestion of p roteins into single amjno acids 5o lr di ant4ri fefrdeS fr FS r among others into the d tlOAt rU nn Polypeptides peptides amino acids Protein Absorption Absorption Final site of digestion is rrricrorfitr f surface and within gbsocPts cells transport S lfut Breaks down di and tri peptides into single amino acids Amino acids are sent to the rlrcC Via F rl vein circulation ntttrk protein During infancy babies don t digest protein as well as adults So protein is absorbed intact o proretn ts aosoroeo tnIacT t d r r f r il Exposing infants to So th food too early priorle mon s I t may present fr of ry efaieS Development of food allergies 1 Metabolismof AminoAcids reL tfli 3oi Recommended lntakes of Protein Protein Requirements o 5 zrn n nd Adults RDA Recovery states RDA B hiu bodv weisht Endurance or strength athletes RDA B Il t rq body weight AMDR for protein o to 15 percent of energy for adults frP Qrtr Yffi H l B W J 6 r r enJ r ffiF t 4 h b V groj c rio r k tY r IY GLr y o it 3ll Q c iu 1 e rb L Calculate the RDA RDA 0 8 gmlkg of healthy body weight 154lb 70 kg 2 2Uellb 70 kg x 0 8 g protein 55 g protein f A 1 Functions of Proteins T Cell arcxr th Vp0r ir NrCr lnkrunOe Enzymes and hormones ritr and e stlrr6 lt balance pH balance acid base balance Antibodies to protect against disease Energy source 4 kca gram non preferred source rrkeccqn onard Coarlo or b Jr Nutrient trAfsfrfl and SCfqqa A r co n Ttn o i u f r ru ft o r r b e s r Health Concerns n F Of 6c n Protein Energy Maln utrition PEM etfalvrrul ke ty l ug MinirnafihrountJof ene 9l ewqSt ctrvlrr fto stenrurinT g ry6N lv i j ns pwle in Minimalamountsof proteinanU 6oAt raft Q rcklA and other nutrients dgFr cisft n igyO lticit High Protein Diets AZwra rnS c ncscjn Diets high in protein from 6 nlrnaQ sources are associated with high CbYll ps rd Low fiber intake High protein diets MAY cause excess Sdrur h excretion in urine leading to bone loss UlStdSe In lTJal t High protein diets are associated with an increased risk of kidney disease Especially for people who may be susceptible to kidney disease rr ir n 1e5e failo requires water Food Protein Allergies Food proteins t fi tg rd cause n ifnWUr nt response eating an allergic reaction 8 foods account for Q0 of all food allergies Eagrutr tryls efig gil I t ft wist and qi k Vegetarian Diets h uo t or r Types of Vegetarians J tra ll s c411 dto Nutrient Conberns V OSn d L ad o ro w rcp t in6 Lor cto wo e u ni s a S zinc …