2-2Genes and cell genetics continued- Polygenic Trait o Governed by more than one locus on more than one chromosomeo Traits of complex inheritanceo Continuous traits For Mendelian traits, genotype dictates phenotype For poly genic, genotype predicts trait, then environment plays a role- Psychosocial dwarfismo Children never growo Associated with abuse environmentso No growth or weight gain regardless of caloric intake- Mitochondria o Organelles in the cytoplasm of a cello Were once prokaryotic cells that were endocytized (taken into) an incubated cello Normally a eukaryote would reject an addition but instead they started a symbiotic relationship Make ATP used as energy for cell Cell provides nutrients for mito.o Their DNA (mtDNA) has 40 genes Can mutate Accumulate mutations over timeo In sperm, mitochondria do nothing except mobilityo Eggs contain all the mitochondrial DNA that offspring receive Assume:- No paternal influence- Mutations over time- Assume rate of mutation- Assume constant mutation- We can find who and when the original mitochondria was around Mitochondria Eve (Mt. Eve)- Lived in Africa about 200,000 years ago- Chimps have much more mt. variation because of being around longer- Modern synthesiso Selectionists – slow gradual changes over timeo Mutationists – fast, big changes through mutationo The joining of these two schools of thought is Modern Synthesiso Evolution: 1. Production 2. Natural selection contributes to next
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