11.10.2010Phylum Chordata-- nerve cord, many chordates are vertebrates – bony vertebral column- Bony fishes- Cartilaginous fishes- Amphibians- Reptiles- Birds- MammalsClassify based in similarities- indicating relatedness.- Shared through common ancestorHomology: characteristics that organisms share because of a common ancestor- Example: 5 raysAnalogy: trait shared by organisms, but not based on common ancestry- Based on function - Example: wing of bat and wing of bird- Establish classification- base decision on shared derived features- homologiesPrimitive- 5 rays/digits- Macaque Derived- one-toed horse- Aye-AyeArthropods are most successful - Number of species, habitats invaded, number of individuals- Major climate change divides periodsPrecambrian- 3,000 million years ago- First microfossils- Evolution of lifePaleozoic- Cambrian explosion- invertebrates- Plants - Water - Jellyfish, trilobites, worms- Then vertebrates: fisho Jawless o Jawso Armored- Toxoplasmosis- can only replicate in a cat- Must infect rodent to infect cat- Sheds infection in feces - Rodents eat cat feces- Rodents fear cats- Toxoplasmosis affects one aspect of rodent brain- place that says fear cat. - Changes this to love the catMesozoic- Age of Reptiles- Amniote egg invention- an egg that can survive on land- Water-tight skin- Reptiles- adaptive radiations- Dinosaurs- Theropods: dinosaurs that led to modern birds- Therapsids: pre-mammals- Heterodonts225 MYA: Pangea II (one land mass)- Reduced coastal water- mass extinctionsPre-Cenozoic- K/T Boundary- Cretaceous ------- Tertiary- Earth hit by meteor- Devil’s tail, Yucatan Peninsula- 50% of species went extinct- Small mammals survived- Layer of Iridium- Does not naturally occur on Earth- Angiosperm radiation- Bats and primatesCenozoic- “People Eat Only My Purple Peas & Ham”- Paleocene- Eocene- Oligocene- Miocene- Pliocene- Pleistocene- Holocene Age of Mammals- Rodents are most successful mammals- #2: batsEgg laying Mammals: duck-billed platypus:- Nurse young with modified sweat gland- Incomplete thermoregulationMarsupial- pouched mammalsPlacental: internalize
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