Human Evolution 3/4/2104 LectureDarwin’s “Decent with Modification” o Few successful lineageso Extinctions are commono “Adaptive Radiations”o Expanded ecological spaceo PROCESS = MACROEVOLUTIONMacro evolution o 4 Mechanisms:- Natural Selection- Mutation- Gene Flow- Genetic DriftMicro evolution o Evolution of new species- Require genetically unique reproductive units- Example: Titi Monkeys @ Amazon River BasinLinnaeus’ System of ClassificationKINGDOM (Animals)PHYLUM (Chordates)CLASS (Mammals)ORDER (Primates)FAMILY (Hominids)GENUS (Homo)SPECIES (Homo sapiens)All can change gene frequencies inpopulation.Examples of Mammals:1. Bats2. Carnivores3. Ungulates4. Primates5. Rodents6. Anteaters(ONLY OF 17 TOTAL MAMMALS)Variation Occurs within Primates:o Differences:- Body Size- Color- Physical Characteristics- Behavioro Similarities:o Primitive Characterists Shaped due to ancestryo Convergences Similar habitatsCharacteristics of Primates: 1. Most are arboreal or tree livingo Exceptions: baboons, humans2. Most live in tropical and subtropical habitatso Amazon Basin, Congo Basin, (20° North and South of Equator)3. Generalized Limb Structure4. Pentadactyly – five fingers and five toes5. Grasping hands and feet6. Replacement of claws with flat nails and tactile pads on surface of fingers7. Forward-facing eyes and stereoscopic vision8. Reduced emphasis on olfaction, relative to other mammals9. Expansion and elaboration of the brain10. Prolonged of the juvenile stage of
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