ANIMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO HUMANSEARLY CIVILIZATIONANIMALS & HUMANSDOMESTICATIONDOMESTICATIONDOMINATIONBASIC HUMAN NEEDSADDITIONAL ANIMAL CONTRIBUTIONSFOOD FROM ANIMALSGLOBAL SOCIETYDEVELOPED vs DEVELOPING COUNTRIESFAO DEVELOPED COUNTRIESANIMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO HUMAN FOODWorld Growth EstimatesWorld Growth Estimates cont.Slide 16SOCIETAL ISSUES WITH ANIMAL PRODUCTSRELIGIOUS IMPACTS ON FOODISLAMJUDAISMHINDUISMHORSEMEATPer Capita Consumption U.S. Diet (lb. Retail Wt.)CONSUMER ISSUES RELATED TO FOODDIET & HEALTHDIET & HEALTH ISSUESMajor Factors Associated with Coronary Heart DiseaseCHOLESTEROLLDL vs. HDL CHOLESTEROLSATURATED vs. UNSATURATED FATSRECENT RESEARCHPowerPoint PresentationDAILY GUIDELINES FOR 2000 CALORIE DIETFOOD SAFETYCDC Report on Sources of Food-borne IllnessFOOD INDUSTRY INITIATIVESCONSUMER GUIDELINESANIMAL INDUSTRY CHECKOFF PROGRAMSBIOTECHNOLOGYCURRENT USE OF BIOTECHNOLOGYCURRENT QUESTIONS ON USE OF BIOTECHNOLOGYBIOTERRORISM & BIOSECURITYSTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE INDUSTRYCURRENT STATUS of U.S. FOOD INDUSTRYU.S. FOOD SUPPLY CHAINCONCENTRATION IN COMMERCIAL LIVESTOCK INDUSTRYSOURCE VERIFICATIONENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYETHICSANIMAL WELL-BEING“North American society is demanding changes to the way the agricultural industry cares for farm animals. The public has moved beyond just wanting to protect animals from obvious cruelty and now want the agricultural community to ensure it is meeting the social, behavioral, psychological and physical needs of animals in confinement hog barns, poultry barns, dairy farms and beef feedlots.” - Bernard Rollins, Colorado State University philosopherComplexity of Livestock ManagementCOMPANION ANIMALSCOMPANION ANIMALS cont.Slide 55CONCLUSIONANIMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO HUMANSAnimal Science 110EARLY CIVILIZATIONANIMALS & HUMANS•Early humans were food gatherers and hunters. Early cave drawings confirm this.•Several thousand years ago, humans began to domesticate animals to serve many needs.•These mutually beneficial relationships between humans and animals have enabled our society to advance to its present state.DOMESTICATIONDOMESTICATION •Domestication is a process by which a population of animals becomes adapted to man and the captive environment by genetic change over generations and environmentally induced developmental events.•Many domesticated species would have difficulty surviving in the wild.DOMINATION•Zoo animals are dominated and tamed rather than domesticated. Elephants, for example, are dominated, tamed and used as work animals.•Individuals of a domesticated species that return to the wild are called “feral”.•No major large animal species has been domesticated in the last 4,000 years.BASIC HUMAN NEEDS•Food•Clothing and Shelter•Fuel and Power•Emotional Well-being–Religion and Art–Recreation–CompanionshipADDITIONAL ANIMAL CONTRIBUTIONS•Reduction in Labor Force Needed to Feed Population•Soil Conservation and Stabilization•Conversion of Forages To Edible Foods•Use of By-product Feeds•Health Enhancement via Animal Research•Pharmaceuticals, Edible and Inedible By-productsFOOD FROM ANIMALS•Protein of High Biological Value–All 9 Essential Amino Acids•Nutrient Dense–Vitamins•Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, B6 & B12–Minerals•Calcium and Phosphorous from Milk•Iron and Zinc from Red Meat•Palatability and TasteGLOBAL SOCIETY•In previous centuries we were primarily concerned about our own immediate state, region or country.•We are now part of a global society with trading partners around the world.•The events of September 11, 2001 have changed our society forever.DEVELOPED vs DEVELOPING COUNTRIES•Refers to the level of economic development as defined by the FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations).•Developed countries have less than 10% of the population engaged in farming.•Tend to be highly mechanized with little animal or hand labor.•High literacy rate and high per capita income.FAO DEVELOPED COUNTRIES•North America: Canada & United States•Europe: All Countries•Oceania: Australia & New Zealand•Asia: Japan, Israel & Russian Federation•Africa: South Africa•All other countries in the world including Central America and South America are “developing” countries.ANIMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO HUMAN FOOD•Animal products contribute 16% of the calories and 37% of the protein.•“Developed” countries may be as high as 30% of calories and over 50% of the protein.•“Developing” countries may be as low as 15% of calories and less than 20% of the protein.World Growth Estimates•World population is currently at 7 billion and is forecast to reach 9.5 billion by 2050.•Consumption of meat, milk and eggs in developed countries will be stable with population growth.•Consumption of meat, milk and eggs in developing countries will more than double by 2050.World Growth Estimates cont.•Global demand for meat is predicted to continue to rise.•Animals consume 1/3 of the global cereal grain supply, but not all of this is suitable for human consumption. Some species, such as ruminants, also use forages.•Less grain is fed to livestock in developing than in developed countries.World Growth Estimates cont.•On a global basis, animals produce 1 kg of human food protein for each 1.4 kg of human-edible protein consumed.•The biological value of protein in foods from animals is about 1.4 times that of food from plants.•Diverting grains from animal production to direct human consumption would result in little increase in total food protein and a decrease in dietary quality & diversity.SOCIETAL ISSUES WITH ANIMAL PRODUCTS•In developing countries the major concern is about getting enough food to eat each day.•In developed countries consumers have the time and ability to make dietary choices based on cost, taste, health and other issues of social concern.RELIGIOUS IMPACTS ON FOOD•Several of the major religions of the world influence which animals are used for food.•Many of these have strict guidelines for how animals are harvested for food.•Islam or Muslim•Judaism•HinduismISLAM•The “Quran” or “Koran” prohibits consumption of meat from carnivores, some birds and some farm animals (pigs & horses). •Sheep, goats and camels are consumed widely during religious festivals.JUDAISM•Food that has met the requirement of Jewish law is termed “kosher”.•Meat must be from a ruminant with split hooves. Cattle, sheep, goats &