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MSU ANS 110 - ANS 110 Sheep 2002

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Sheep Industry - US and MichiganMichigan Sheep ProductionWhat’s happening in the industry?Useful Sheep Facts and FiguresSlide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Production SystemsRange Flock ProductionRange Flock - cont’dFarm Flock ProductionFarm Flock Production - Cont’dBreeds of SheepSlide 18Management Calendar - Breeding FlockSlide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Management Calendar - Lamb FeedingSlide 27Lamb feedingSheep Industry - US and MichiganFall 2002Michigan Sheep ProductionPurebred production–Greatest proportion of the industry–Produce and sell seedstock–Youth projectsCommercial production–Greatest proportion of animals–Market animals for meat productionLamb feedingFall 2002What’s happening in the industry?Expanding / Shrinking?Good Markets / Poor Markets?–Meat–WoolWide use of technology / limited use?Imports / ExportsCommercial agricultural sector / hobby industry?Fall 2002Useful Sheep Facts and FiguresSex classifications:–Ewe - female, any age–Ewe lamb - female less than 1 year of age–Ram - intact male, any age–Ram lamb - intact male less than 1 year of age–Wether - castrated male any ageFall 2002Typical weights:–Birth - 8-15 lbs–90 day weights - 70 - 120 lbs–Mature weights - »Ewes - 100 - 200+ lbs»Rams - 120 - 275+ lbs–Market weight - 135 lbsUseful Sheep Facts and FiguresFall 2002Wool characteristics:–Fleece weight (grease) - 4 - 12 lbs–Staple length - 2- 6 inches–Fiber diameter - 19 - 40 m (microns)Useful Sheep Facts and FiguresFall 2002Reproductive characteristics:–Age at puberty - 5-6 months–Age at first lambing - 1 year–Estrous cycle - 17 days–Estrus (standing heat) - 30 hours–Gestation - 147 days–Lambing rate - 1-5 lambs born/ewe/year–Season breedersUseful Sheep Facts and FiguresFall 2002Seasonal breeders:–Seasonally anestrous - not cycling–Short day breeders–Some breeds much more seasonal than others–Most fertile - October, November–Both ewes and rams are seasonal breedersUseful Sheep Facts and FiguresFall 2002Economically important production traits: (commercial flock)–conception rate–lambing rate–age at puberty–pounds lamb weaned/ewe/year–pounds lamb sold/ewe/year–average daily gain–cost/pound of gainUseful Sheep Facts and FiguresFall 2002Marketing characteristics:–~90% of market lambs sold will grade choice or better–value at marketing - based on weight, fatness–Presently - value based marketing not available for most producers (carcass merit, grade and yield) –2 processing plants account for 40% of domestic harvest of lamb, next 6 plants account for another 44% (1999 USDA)Useful Sheep Facts and FiguresFall 2002Niche marketing opportunities exist:–Fiber–Freezer lambs–Ethnic markets–Replacement breeding stock–Dairy sheep–OthersUseful Sheep Facts and FiguresFall 2002Production SystemsRange ProductionFarm Flock ProductionCharacteristic differences between them–Location–Size of flocks–ManagementFall 2002Range Flock ProductionLambing ewes with or without attendant care in small pastures or unattended on rangelands.Typically found in western US, TX, etc.Large flock sizesLow facility investment Sheep - white faced ewes - RambouilletFall 2002Range Flock - cont’dLambing -–Range, shed or drift–Rates low (~100-150%)–Reduced disease problems–Predators a problemFeeding -–Native range, little supplementationRecord keeping difficultShearing - 1X yearSeeing shift to more emphasis on multiple births and meat productionFall 2002Farm Flock ProductionPrimary production in midwest and eastern USFlock sizes - –small in comparison to range production–vary from few to several hundred ewesFacility requirements:–barn, feeders, waters, fenced pasturesBreeds:–great diversity - purebred production–commercial production - crossbred ewes X meat breed ramsIntensive management compared to range productionPredatorsFall 2002Farm Flock Production - Cont’dLambing - –indoors - winter and/or spring most common; some pasture lambing being tried–lambing rates - 150 - 250%–supervised lambingFeeding - –pasture used during part of year, harvest forage also–supplementation during gestation and lactationRecord keeping varies - none to genetic evaluation programsShearing - usually 1X yearEmphasis for increased production levels, carcass qualityFall 2002Breeds of SheepMeat Breeds:–Known for growth rates and carcass quality.–Also known as sire breeds–Examples: Suffolk, Hampshire, DorsetEwe Breeds:–Known for maternal traits - prolificacy, milk production, mothering ability, wool–Examples: Rambouillet, crossbredsFall 2002Breeds of SheepOther Classifications:–Wool breeds»Long Wool - (larger fiber diameter), Romney, Lincoln»Fine Wool - (small fiber diameter), Merino, Rambouillet–Hair Sheep –Prolific –Natural Colored SheepFall 2002Management Calendar - Breeding FlockAnnual Ew e WeightChangeFrom Sheep Production Handbook, 1996Single-bearing EweFall 2002Management Calendar - Breeding FlockPrebreeding:–Ewes »Cull poor producers, unsound ewes»Provide health maintenance - prevent / treat internal parasites, vaccinations, »Flush ewes–Rams»Evaluate for breeding soundness»Observe recommended ram:ewe ratioram lambs 15 - 30mature rams 25 - 50Fall 2002Management Calendar - Breeding FlockBreeding:–Ewes »Moderate condition, gaining weight»Heat stress - negative impact; shearing in high heat and humidity may help–Rams»Moderate condition, monitor libido»Mark ram to monitor cyclic activity of ewesFall 2002Management Calendar - Breeding FlockEarly Gestation–Maintain ewes in moderate condition–During 1st 100 days - ewes should gain ~10 poundsLate Gestation–2/3 of fetal growth occurs during last 6 weeks–Adequate nutrition essential–Vaccinate ewes for enterotoxemia (overeating)–Shear ewesFall 2002Management Calendar - Breeding FlockLambing Management–Observe ewes frequently–Assist only when necessary–Iodine Navel–Open teats–Move ewe and lamb(s) to pen –Identify lambs–Collect data - birth weight, birth dates etc.Post-lambing Management–Dock tails–Castrate–Vaccinate–Start on creep feedFall 2002Management Calendar - Breeding FlockLactation–Highest nutrient requirements–Peak milk production - 21-28 days of lactation–Ewes


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