DEFINITIONS- Ayllu- indigenous Andean community- World music-supposed to be authentic and pure, marketed as culturally different but it sounds like what we already like- World beat- styles marketed as fusion/ mixed, fusion of something western and non-western- Interlock/hocket- melody is shared between 2 instruments so that one plays while the other rests- need 2 to complete the pitch and melody- Consort/tropa-all instruments in same family, tuned together- Indigenous- cultural category based on similar cultural values- Requinteando- more skilled players can improvise when there is silence on the panpipes for more of a challenge- Heterophony- in sync but out of phase- same melody but by different instruments- same melody but a little off- Folklorization- trying to preserve a tradition but it creates a new one, changes in context and meaning- Indigenismo-artistic movement- mestizos established their own versions of indigenous traditions- Culture- shared habits of thought and behavior, similar ways of thinking and acting- Cosmopolitanism- a type of cultural formation that is not place specific- can have same values in different parts of world- Cultural cohorts- smaller croups embedded in the larger cultural formation it is apart of, we all belong to many based on hobbies/ music/ political parties etc, they change- Modernist cosmopolitanism- people part of this cultural formation celebrate worldly knowledge, technology, hierarchy, individualism, and presentational music- open minded to other cultures- Anti modernist cultural cohorts- interested in folk music because they value simplicity as a cure to the stresses of their lives, raised with capitalist values but they tend to drop them and gradually change themSilk and bamboo-performed in teahouses-starts slow, picks up-thick sound because of combination of strings and winds with high intonation-heterophony- same melody different instruments-improvise, embellish-high register-silk= string, bamboo= flute-informal setting-participatory-play from memorization, learn by listening and imitating-can talk during performance- social music-no distinction between performer and audience-circular formationShanghai Chinese Orchestra-formal-presentational, rehearsed-same uniform-concert hall-large instrument ensemble-play off sheet music- no improvising-crescendo-fast pace-conductor that gives cues-folklore of the teahouse due to national identity crisis-national identity by going to the concertsShona Mbira-bira ceremony- community bonds- try to get in touch with ancestors by using a spirit medium- want the advice and acceptance of ancestors, try to draw ancestor in by playing music they like, mbira draws in spirit-mbira= thumb piano-circular formation-high pitched notes-call and response-interlocking-alternation of sound to create the whole (call and response andhocket)-participatory- sing and dance- play music that ancestors like-hypnotic, repeating (cyclical form)-variation, improvisation, slight changes but same melody repeated-more than one melody- creative listening to hear the melodies-dense, fuzzy, thick sound makes it sound like a community-attach bottlecaps to mbira-goal is for all to participate- tap, stomp, sing, dance, call and responseAndean Panpipe ensembles of different ayllus-Conima-participatory, so the size, volume, and strength of performance denotes thecommunity’s spirit and identity-Spontaneous- open-ended and chaotic-new compositions highly valued-guia is a modest guide, not really a leader, guide performance of ensemble-no real competition, just for pride-dense sound- from overblowing, some players play higher or lower than pitch level, different skill levels, large ensemble, not tuned perfectly, overlapping-everyone welcome-interlocking and hocketing-context specific for certain times of year (different instruments for dry and rainy season)-repetition- AABBCC cyclical form- melody repeats-small differences distinguish one community from the next-circle formation-parallel polyphony- same melody at different pitches-all use same kind of instrument-minor differences in songs are important because they are easy to learn-music for doing not listening-music is dance and dance is music, walk in circles around musicians-perform in festivals- not clear who wins but sort of based on volume and who created the most excitement and interaction-cloaking function-rehearsals/brainstorming sessions- try to come up with new pieces, do this by playing a tune and if others like it they will continue with it/add on but otherwise it is ignoredseen as composition of the communityCulture-political leadership of ayllus- rotates among married couples, gentle guiding, group decisions-egalitarianism- no person can exert control over another, non-hierarchical, consensus-communitarianism- emphasize community identityCentro Social Conima-migrants-folklorization of Andean panpipe ensembles-folklore show/contest-presentational-fixed form when performing- clear beginning and end-old composition, try to sound just like Andean sound (the same)-but more rehearsed, organized, less spontaneous, precise-guia is more of a director- bossy leader, dictator role in telling people how to play music-real, formal competition with judges-less dense sound-not everyone can join, selective members-rehearsals- mandatory, copy cassette tapes so not trying to produce new sounds-were not involved in these traditions back at home- no circular formation-only one group plays at onceCulture- first from rural region to go to Lima- faced prejudice so they formed clubs to form a sense of community and come together (social networks)-first they played soccer to assimilate, but this was not distinctive so they celebrated indigenous music and played the panpipes because they knew the audience would like itIndigenous Charango-used for courting by young men-context-specific-spontaneous lyrics with dirty meaning-charango not made to last- steel string-all strumming-participatory, but in a way presentational for the young women-cyclical and repetitive-very dense sound-heterophony- different variations of a single melody-men bring charangos to river so the sirenas (mermaids) can tune them and give them supernatural powers-day dance (boys on one side playing for girls on other) and night dance- unsupervised, play music, make love, leads to trial marriage-music helps convey their intentions, motives, and feelings indirectly-new compositions highly valued-tunes easy to learn because all