EXAM 1 QUESTIONS 1 Experiences that are unique to each individual within a family are referred to as a Shared genetics b Nonshared genetics c Shared environment d Nonshared environment 2 You go to the gym every day and want to know if the scale you are stepping on is correct To do this you put a 25 pound weight on the scale every day for a week and record the number If the scale read 20 pounds every day your scale has high and low a Validity reliability b Validity validity c Reliability validity d Reliability reliability 3 Dr Soanso views development as a process where quantitative advances are made gradually Dr Hooevher views development as a process where advances are characterized by abrupt qualitative shifts in thinking and behavior a Discontinuous continuous b Continuous discontinuous c Cognitive metacognitive d Metacognitive cognitive 4 Controlled rearing studies are designed to assess how subjects at different ages control or influence certain aspects of their own development a True b False 5 Immediately following conception the fertilized egg is known as the a Blastocyst b Embryo c Gamete d Zygote 6 Teratogens are a Drugs used to treat congenital birth defects b Genetic mutations that lead to disruptions in development c Environmental agents that cause disruptions in development d Chemical substances produced by the placenta to sustain fetal life 7 John Locke s view of the newborn mind as a tabula rasa means that the child is a A noble savage incapable of wrongdoing b A noble savage capable of wrongdoing c A blank slate upon which a genetic program unfolds its plan d A blank slate upon which experiences are etched 8 Crossing over during meiosis refers to a The development of female genitalia by an XY zygote b A process by which two members of a chromosomal pair swap sections of DNA c The random shuffling of the members of the 23 chromosomal pairs in the formation of egg and sperm d Communicating with dead relatives 9 Down Syndrome is an example of which one of the following a A meiotic error b Trisomy 18 c An epigenetic disorder d A recessive allele 10 The relative size of one object vs another is an example of which of the following types of depth cues a Pictorial b Binocular c Kinetic d Dynamic 11 Which of the following types of genes is expressed when an individual is heterozygous for a trait assuming a Mendelian inheritance pattern a Recessive b Dominant c Polygenic d Allele e None of the above 12 Using a naturalistic observation method would be most appropriate for studying which of the following a Toddlers responses to their parents encouraging them to touch dangerous objects b The frequency of bullying behavior among school children c Elementary school children s beliefs about how smart their classmates are d An examination of a single child s feelings about his friendships 13 The process of cell division that forms the gametes and usually results in a cell containing 23 chromosomes is called a Crossing over b Mutation c Meiosis d Mitosis 14 are typically thought to be the building blocks is thought to be the order and meaning imposed upon those basic elements a Constructs construction b Sensations perceptions c Percepts sensation d Percepts attention 15 Traits such as schizophrenia or depression are called polygenic because they are mainly caused by a Many environmental factors b A combination of many genes c The polygenome d Epigenetics 16 Which of the following describes a negative correlation a As the number of reinforcers for a child s inappropriate behavior decreases the frequency of inappropriate behavior decreases b As the time spent playing with a child per day increases the number of crying episodes per day decreases c The greater the number of hours that have passed since the last meal the more irritable a child gets d A child s weight increases as her or his height increases 17 Which of the following is evidence for a greater importance of environmental factors in the development of a particular trait a An adoptive twin study shows that the correlation between identical twins who grew up together is higher than the correlation between identical twins who grew up apart b A twin study shows that the correlation between identical twins is higher than the correlation between fraternal twins c An adoption study shows that the correlation between adoptive children and their biological parents is higher than the correlation between the children and their adoptive parents d All of the above are evidence of the importance of environmental factors in the development of the trait 18 Infants are born with adult like levels of visual acuity a True b False 19 In the class on Heredity we watched a video on The Minnesota Twins Study that reported which of the following findings a Monozygotic twins are no more similar than dizygotic twins raised together b Monozygotic twins reared apart aren t nearly as similar as monozygotic twins reared together c Monozygotic twins reared apart are significantly more similar to one another than monozygotic twins raised together 20 21 22 23 24 25 d Monozygotic twins are no more similar than dizygotic twins raised apart e Team outfielders are less alike than team infielders and pitchers Which of the following acts as a defensive barrier against toxins and infections while still allowing for oxygen and nutrients to pass into the developing fetus blood a Umbilical cord b Amniotic sac c Placenta d Amniotic fluid Imagine researchers estimated the heritability score for Trait T to be 75 Which of the following statements is a misinterpretation of this estimate a There is little individuals can do to improve their level of T b John Smith s level of Trait T is 75 due to his genes c Trait T demonstrates a stable genetic influence on a population over time and place d All of the above are misinterpretations Which of the following in an example of apoptosis a Splitting of the fertilized egg into two equal parts b Death of cells in between the ridges on the hand plate c Movement of new cells into the outer layer of the brain d Specialization of eye cells The most important factor for infants being able to perceive the two ends of a rod as belonging to the same object is a The relative shape of the two ends b The relative motions of the two rods c The relative colors of the two ends d The relative taste of the two ends The consequences of a recessive metabolic disorder such as PKU can be counteracted with a modification in dietary intake making