Psych Study Guide1. Demonic Model of Behavior: View of mental illness in which odd behavior, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body. Family resemblance view of mental disorder: mental disorders don’t all have one thing in common. Just like siblings in a family don’t all look exactly alike.Medical Model of Behavior: View of mental illness as due to a physical disorder requiring medical treatment. Deviance: If someone deviates from normal behavior. Personal Distress: If this deviance causes them distress. Dysfunctional: If their abnormal behavior causes them to lose their functionality. Danger: If their behavior causes themselves or others danger. 2. DSM-5: Diagnostic system containing the American Psychiatric Association criteria for mental disorders. Axis 1 is mental disorders, axis 2 is personality disorders and mental retardation, axis 3 is associated medical conditions, axis 4 is life stressors and axis 5 is overall level of daily functioning. 3. Symptoms of anxiety disorder: Continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many areas of life functioning. Symptoms of Phobias: intense fear of an object or situation that’s greatly out of proportion to its actual threat. Panic Disorder: repeated and unexpected panic attacks, along with either persistent concerns about future attacks or a change in personal behavior in an attempt to avoid them. Agoraphobia: Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarrassing or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack. PTSD: Marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event. OCD: Condition marked by repeated and lengthy (at least one hour per day) immersion in obsessions, compulsions, or both. 4. Difference between obsession and compulsion: Compulsions are things OCD patients due to “fix” their obsessions, like repeatedly washing their hands because they are “dirty.”Common compulsions: checking locks, windows, and ovens. Performing tasks in set ways, repeatedly arranging and rearranging objects, washing and cleaning incessantly, counting dots on a wall, hoards books or letters. Treatment for OCD: therapy to reordermetnal processes and medications, normally antidepressants to raise serotonin levels. 5. Characteristics of mood disorders: simple tasks like getting dressed are extremely hard. Difficulty sleeping and wakes up at the crack of dawn. Doesn’t answer the telephone. Lies around watching tv for hours on end. Downcast mood. Cries for no reason. Weight loss and seeing the world as gray and void. How bipolar disorder differs from unipolar depression: people with unipolar depression don’t experience the up sides that people with bipolar depression do. 6. Major explanation for depression and how life events can interact with characteristics of the individual to produce depression symptoms: it may be past down through genetics. It could also result form early loss that affects us later in life according to Freud. Whether we have lost or are about to lose something we value dearly can be a determinant of depression. A loss in aloved one, a job, or self-esteem may cause this. Then things life pessimism caused by depression can lead to further loss. It is a spiral. 7. Common myths about suicide: 1. Talking to a person with depression about suicide will increase their risk of doing so 2. Suicide is almost always completed with no warning 3. As depression increases the risk of suicide decreases. 4. People who threaten suicide are only seeking attention 5. People who talk a lot about suicide almost never commit it. 8. Personality disorder: condition in which personality traits, appearing first in adolescence, are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations, and lead to distress or impairment. How do they differ from abnormal conditions?: abnormality depends on the context in which their behavior occurs. Describe antisocial personality disorder: condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsibleand/or illegal actions. Discuss its etiology: it is widely unknown. Individuals with this disoreeder are unaroused. They don’t learn from mistakes and rarely respond to classical conditioning. Borderline personality disorder: condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, andimpulse control. 9. Florid Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Delusions, Hallucinations, grossly disorganized behavior. Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Avolition, Alogia, Asociality Delusion: Fixed false beliefs. Hallucination: False sense perceptions. 10. Lab test abnormalities of people with Schizo: Enlarged cerebral ventricles, bad smooth pursuit eye tracking (following moving object with sight). Role of dopamine in schizo: more the receptors than the neurotransmitter. May be the excess of dopamine, but the receptors act differently than most other brains. 11. What is the frequency of schizophrenia in the general population? .6-.85%What percentage of relatives of a schizophrenic also have the disorder: MZ twins (46%), One parent (6%), Two parents (46%), A child (6-17%), Sibling (10%). What do these percentages suggest about the genetic basis of schizophrenia: It is genetic, but it is not perfectly genetic (Either environment or other biological factors play a role).Diathesis-stress model: perspective proposing that mental disorders are a joint product of a genetic vulnerability, called a diathesis, and stressors that trigger this vulnerability. 12. Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: deficits in language, social bonding,repetitive speech or movement, resistance to change, limited interest or preoccupation in certain foods or objects, and imagination. Sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.Asperger’s syndrome: a less severe form of autismCh 161. Difference between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist: a clinical psychologist has a PhD while a psychiatrist has an MD. They work in different settings sometimes. Clinical psychologist vs. clinical social worker: social workers help with social and health problems while clinical work with health.Characteristics of an effective therapist: warm, direct, have a positive working relationship with clients, don’t contradict clients. Select important topics to focus on in sessions. Match treatments to needs of clients. Collect feedback from clients.2. Therapy: A psychological intervention designed to help people