Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4NAPOLEON (r. 1799-1814)•FRENCH REVOLUTION:1789-1791: moderate phase- Constitutional Monarchy1792-1799: radical phase- RepublicThis print celebrates the victory of the peasantry over the nobility and clergy. The two defeated orders, linked together to create a horse, support the peasant who with his newly-won freedom, carries the result of a hunt--an activity not legal for commoners under the Old Regime. The peasant also proclaims, “Vive le roi [the King]. Vive la Nation.” This indicates that this was published early in the Revolution, for by 1792, Louis XVI would no longer be popular.Source: Cornell DC140.9 F87++ Box2 9-b1. Beginning of (Catholic) counterrevolutionary movement–Civil Constitution of the Clergy; Oath of Loyalty•Constitutional vs. refractory clergy2. Royal family’s attempt to flee France–Émigrés–Act of treason•Jan. 1793: execution of Louis XVI point of no return3. Beginning of the Revolutionary wars (April 1792)–French army ill-preparedAll of the above created a new revolutionary moodThe Terror: Systematic repression of internal enemies undertaken by French Revolutionary government from 1793 to 1794.-The Jacobins: republican political club- Committee of Public Safety- Maximilien Robespierre“The first maxim of your policies must be to lead the people by reason and the people’s enemy by terror … without virtue, terror is deadly; without terror, virtue is impotent.”•Constitution set aside–Establishment of Committee of Public Safety•September 1793: Law of Suspects–Nation needed to express a “single will”The political use of terror alienated many supporters of the Revolution: Condorcet, Olympe de Gouges, DantonWas the Terror necessary to defend the Revolution?- Where does one set the limit?- How far can one go in order to defend an idea without betraying it?•August 1793: Levée en masseNAPOLEON (r. 1799-1814)July 1794: Thermidorean reaction (end of the Terror)1795-1799: The DirectoryNovember 9, 1799 (18th Brumaire): coup d'étatThe Consulate (1799-1804)The Empire