Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Marieb/Hoehn)Chapter 25 The Urinary SystemMatching QuestionsFigure 25.1Using Figure 25.1, match the following:1) Glomerulus.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 967; Fig. 25.7a2) Afferent arteriole.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 967; Fig. 25.7a3) Collecting duct.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 967; Fig. 25.7a4) Loop of Henle.Answer: EDiff: 1 Page Ref: 967; Fig. 25.7a5) Peritubular capillaries.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 964; Fig. 25.7a1Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.6) Structure most closely associated with granular cells.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 966; Fig. 25.7a7) Medulla of the kidney.Answer: EDiff: 1 Page Ref: 966; Fig. 25.7aFigure 25.2Using Figure 25.2, match the following:8) Podocyte.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 970; Fig. 25.99) Is composed of simple squamous epithelium.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 964; Fig. 25.710) Collecting duct cells.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 965; Fig. 25.52Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.11) Proximal convoluted tubule cells.Answer: EDiff: 1 Page Ref: 965; Fig. 25.512) Filtrate at the site of these cells is about the same osmolarity as blood plasma.Answer: EDiff: 2 Page Ref: 966; Fig. 25.513) Cells that are the most active in reabsorbing the filtrate.Answer: EDiff: 2 Page Ref: 966; Fig. 25.514) Cells that reabsorb virtually all the nutrients.Answer: EDiff: 2 Page Ref: 966; Fig. 25.515) Cells that are most affected by ADH.Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 966; Fig. 25.516) Almost no water is absorbed in these cells.Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 966; Fig. 25.5Match the following:A) Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs.B) Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells.C) Site of filtrate formation.D) Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule.17) Proximal convoluted tubule.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 966, 97418) Glomerulus.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 96919) Peritubular capillaries.Diff: 2Page Ref: 96820) Collecting duct.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 966Answers: 17) A 18) C 19) B 20) D3Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.True/False Questions1) If the GFR is too low, needed substances may pass so quickly through the renal tubules that they are not absorbed and instead are lost in the urine.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 9722) In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the loop of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 979-9823) The ureter transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 9854) Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory water reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is termed facultative water reabsorption.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 975, 9785) The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 9616) The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 9647) Urine is 95% water by volume.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 9858) The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 9889) Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 9694Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.10) In the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 97811) The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 97812) The urethra contains an internal sphincter of smooth muscle.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 98713) Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 97414) Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 97815) Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve body water.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 96916) The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 96617) Urea is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 976-97818) Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 98819) The myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 97220) An excessive urine output is called anuria.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 9745Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.21) Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 97822) The trigone is so named because of the shape of the urinary bladder.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 98623) Atrial naturetic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 97424) The macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the urea content of thefiltrate.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 968-96925) Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 985; Tbl. 25.226) Obligatory water reabsorption involves the movement of water along an osmotic gradient.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 97527) Having a kinked ureter is called renal ptosis.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 9616Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Multiple-Choice Questions1) The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________.A) loop of HenleB) glomerular filtration membraneC) collecting ductD) distal convoluted tubuleAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 980; Fig. 25.162) Urine passes through the ________.A) renal hilum to the bladder to the ureterB) pelvis of the kidney to ureter to bladder to urethraC) glomerulus to ureter to renal tubuleD) hilum to urethra to bladderAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 9623) Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?A) a podocyteB) a vasa rectaC) a fenestrated capillaryD) an efferent arterioleAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 964-9684) An increase in the permeability of