Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Marieb/Hoehn)Chapter 24 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Body Temperature RegulationMatching QuestionsFigure 24.1Using Figure 24.1, match the following:1) Ten-step enzymatically driven process that converts glucose into pyruvic acid.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 922; Fig. 24.52) Occurs via substrate-level phosphorylation.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 922; Fig. 24.53) Produces the CO2 involved during glucose oxidation.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 922; Fig. 24.54) Where the hydrogens removed during the oxidation of food fuels are combined with O2. Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 922; Fig. 24.51Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.5) Contains ATP synthases, small rotary motors.Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 9226) ATP formed by oxidative phosphorylation.Answer: EDiff: 2 Page Ref: 9227) Involves sugar activation, sugar cleavage, and oxidation and ATP formation.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 922; Fig. 24.5Match the following:A) GlycolysisB) Krebs cycle and electron transport chainC) Krebs cycle and electron transport chain.8) Glucose serves as the initial reactant.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 923-9249) Involves the removal of hydrogen electrons and CO2 from the substrate molecule.Diff: 3 Page Ref: 924-92810) Occurs in the cytosol of a cell.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 923-92411) Produces the most ATPDiff: 1 Page Ref: 924-92812) Involves the use of oxygen to pick up excess hydrogen and electrons.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 924-928Answers: 8) A 9) B 10) A 11) C 12) B2Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Match the following:A) glycogenesisB) glycogenolysisC) glycolysisD) gluconeogenesis 13) Breakdown of glycogen to release glucose.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 930; Tbl. 24.414) Formation of glucose from proteins or fats.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 930; Tbl. 24.415) Storage of glucose in the form of glycogen.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 929; Tbl. 24.416) Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 923; Tbl. 24.4Answers: 13) B 14) D 15) A 16) CMatch the following:A) lipolysisB) beta oxidationC) lipogenesisD) ketogenesis17) Synthesis of lipids from glucose or amino acids.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 931; Tbl. 24.418) Splitting of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 931; Tbl. 24.419) Conversion of fatty acids into acetyl groups.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 931; Tbl. 24.420) Formation of ketone bodies.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 932; Tbl. 24.4Answers: 17) C 18) A 19) B 20) D3Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.True/False Questions1) Beta oxidation is the initial phase of fatty acid oxidation, and it occurs in the cytoplasm.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 9312) The increased use of noncarbohydrate molecules for energy to conserve glucose is called glucose sparing.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 9403) Except for lactose and some glycogen, the carbohydrates we ingest are mainly from animals.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 9124) The term essential nutrient refers to the chemicals that can be interconverted in the liver so that the body can maintain life and good health.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 9125) The most abundant dietary lipids in the diets of most Americans are triglycerides.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 9126) There are no complete proteins. All animal products should be eaten with plant material to make a complete protein.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 9147) The body is considered to be in nitrogen balance when the amount of nitrogen ingested in lipids equals the amount excreted in urine.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 9148) The amount of protein needed by each person is determined by the age, size, and metabolic rate of the person.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 9159) Vitamins are inorganic compounds that are essential for growth and good health.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 91510) Cellular respiration is an anabolic process.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 9194Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.11) Glycolysis is a series of six chemical steps, most of which take place in the mitochondria.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 92312) Glycogenesis begins when ATP levels are high, and glucose entering cells is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate and converted to its isomer, glucose-1-phosphate.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 926-93013) All athletes require diets high in protein and calories in order to perform and to maintain theirmuscle mass.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 93014) In order for amino acids to be oxidized for energy, the amine group (NH2) must be removed.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 93315) Including the ATP from glycolysis, the cell gains 34 ATP molecules from aerobic metabolismof one glucose molecule.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 928-92916) The body requires adequate supplies of only three minerals (calcium, sodium, chloride) and trace amounts of all others.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 91717) Processes that break down complex molecules into simpler ones are anabolic.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 918-91918) For use as fuel, all food carbohydrates are eventually transformed to glucose.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 91219) Triglycerides and cholesterol do not circulate freely in the bloodstream.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 94320) Normal body temperature range is 98.6-100°F, regardless of external temperature.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 95021) A deficit of potassium can cause rickets.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 918; Tbl. 24.35Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.22) It would not be healthy to eliminate all fats from your diet because they serve a useful purpose in maintaining the body.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 91423) The body's thermoregulatory centers are located in the thalamus.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 95124) Carbohydrate and fat pools are oxidized directly to produce cellular energy, but amino acid pools must first be converted to a carbohydrate intermediate before being sent through cellular respiration pathways.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 93325) High levels of HDLs are considered good.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 94326) Diets high in cholesterol and saturated fats tend to produce high HDL concentrations.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 94427) Ghrelin, produced by the stomach, is a powerful appetite stimulant.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 946; Fig. 24.2428) Peptides called NPY and AgRP are powerful appetite enhancers.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 94529) The primary function of carbohydrates is energy production within cells.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 9126Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Multiple-Choice Questions1) The molecule that serves as the