Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Marieb/Hoehn)Chapter 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body DefensesMatching QuestionsFigure 21.1Using Figure 21.1, match the following:1) Heavy chain.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 783; Fig. 21.14a2) Light chain.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 783; Fig. 21.14a3) Variable region.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 783; Fig. 21.14a4) Constant region.Answer: EDiff: 1 Page Ref: 783; Fig. 21.14a5) Antigen-binding site.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 783; Fig. 21.14a 1Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 21.2Using Figure 21.2, match the following:6) Area where B cells become immunocompetent.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 778; Fig. 21.87) Area where T cells become immunocompetent.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 778; Fig. 21.88) Area where activated immunocompetent B and T cells recirculate.Answer: EDiff: 2 Page Ref: 778; Fig. 21.89) Area seeded by immunocompetent B and T cells.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 778; Fig. 21.82Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.10) Area where antigen challenge and clonal selection are most likely to occur.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 778; Fig. 21.8Match the following:A) Inflammatory response and skin and mucous membranesB) Immune responseC) Inflammatory responseD) Intact skin and mucous membranes11) First line of defense.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 76712) Second line of defense.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 76713) Third line of defense.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 76714) Innate defense system.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 767; Fig. 21.115) Adaptive defense system.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 767Answers: 11) D 12) C 13) B 14) A 15) B3Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Match the following:A) InterferonB) Regulatory T cellsC) ComplementD) Helper T cellsE) APCs16) Small proteins secreted by virus-containing cells.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 773; Tbl. 21.217) Major innate mechanism that mediates destruction of foreign substances in the body.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 774; Tbl. 21.218) Stimulate the proliferation of other lymphocytes.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 791; Tbl. 21.519) Dampen the activity of both T cells and B cells.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 792; Tbl. 21.520) Present the double activation signal to T cells.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 779; Tbl. 21.5Answers: 16) A 17) C 18) D 19) B 20) E4Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Match the following:A) IgGB) IgDC) IgED) IgAE) IgM21) Main antibody of both primary and secondary immune response.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 784; Tbl. 21.322) Protects mucosal barriers.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 784; Tbl. 21.323) Involved in allergies.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 784; Tbl. 21.324) Along with IgM, this is a B cell receptor.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 784; Tbl. 21.325) Activates complement.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 784; Tbl. 21.3Answers: 21) A 22) D 23) C 24) B 25) ETrue/False Questions1) A graft from a monkey to a human is an example of an allograft.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 7922) The mechanism of the "lethal hit" of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells involves a protein called perforin.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 7923) Cellular ingestion and destruction of particulate matter is called phagocytosis.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 7685Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.4) The respiratory burst produced by some macrophages releases free radicals.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 7685) The directional movement of cells in response to chemicals is called chemotaxis.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 7736) Substances capable of triggering the adaptive immune system and provoking an immune response are called antigens.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 7767) Soluble proteins secreted by plasma cells are called antibodies.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 7838) A given pathogen will provoke either a cell-mediated response or an antibody-mediated response but not both.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 7869) Fever is seldom beneficial because it speeds up the cellular metabolic rate and will not allow antigen-antibody reactions to occur.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 77510) Monoclonal antibodies can be specific for several antigenic determinants.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 78611) Both T cells and B cells must accomplish double recognition: They must simultaneously recognize self and nonself to be activated.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 79112) Some immunocompetent cells will never be called to service in our lifetime.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 77913) Anaphylactic shock can result from an immediate hypersensitivity where the allergen enters the blood.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 79814) Adaptive immunity is provided only by lymphocytes that secrete antibodies.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 7776Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.15) A transfusion reaction is a subacute hypersensitivity to foreign red blood cells.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 798-79916) Somatic recombination by B cells allows each B cell to form its own unique antibody genes.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 77917) Antigens can be complete or incomplete.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 77618) It is our genes, not antigens, that determine what specific foreign substances our immune system will be able to recognize and resist.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 779Multiple-Choice Questions1) Which of the following is characteristic of antibodies?A) carbohydrate structureB) composed of heavy and light polypeptide chainsC) three binding sites per antibody monomerD) incapable of being transferred from one person to anotherAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 7832) Which of the following is associated with passive immunity?A) exposure to an antigenB) infusion of weakened virusesC) passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetusD) booster shot of vaccineAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 7823) Which of the following is not a type of T cell?A) cytotoxicB) antigenicC) helperD) regulatoryAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 791; Tbl. 21.57Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.4) B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the ________.A) thymusB) spleenC) bone marrowD) lymph nodesAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 7775) Which of the following is not a function of the inflammatory response?A) prevents the spread of the injurious agent to nearby tissueB) replaces injured tissues with connective tissueC) disposes of cellular debris and pathogensD) sets the stage for repair processesAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 7696) The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperemia caused by ________.A) vasodilationB) vasoconstrictionC) phagocyte mobilizationD) production of complement and interferonAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 769-7707) The antibody molecule is held together by ________