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LawrenceThe profoundest of all sensualities is the sense of truthand the next deepest sensual experience is the sense of justice.Chromosome Organization and Molecular StructureWhat are chromosomes and what are they composed of? Chromosome Organization and Molecular StructureWhat are chromosomes and what are they composed of? What does the term genome mean?Chromosome Organization and Molecular StructureWhat are chromosomes and what are they composed of? What does the term genome mean?What comprises the bacterial genome?Chromosome Organization and Molecular StructureWhat are chromosomes and what are they composed of? What does the term genome mean?What comprises the bacterial genome?What comprises the eukaryotic genome?Chromosome Organization and Molecular StructureWhat are chromosomes and what are they composed of? What does the term genome mean?What comprises the bacterial genome?What comprises the eukaryotic genome?What is the main function of the genetic material?Chromosome Organization and Molecular StructureStatement: To fulfill their role at the molecular level, chromosomal sequences facilitate four important processes.Chromosome Organization and Molecular StructureStatement: To fulfill their role at the molecular level, chromosomal sequences facilitate four important processes.What are those processes?Chromosome Organization and Molecular StructureStatement: To fulfill their role at the molecular level, chromosomal sequences facilitate four important processes.What are those processes? Think: SRSC (Synthesis, Replication, Segregation, Compaction).Chromosome Organization and Molecular StructureViral GenomesViral GenomesWhat is the basic structure of a virus?Viral GenomesWhat is the basic structure of a virus?How do viruses reproduce?Viral GenomesWhat is the basic structure of a virus?How do viruses reproduce?What do we mean by host range?Do you think bacteriophages are a bit more complex?Base PlateTail FiberViral GenomesViral GenomesWhat do you see here about the nature of viral genomes?What is self assembly in viruses? Viral GenomesWhat is directed assembly in viruses?Viral GenomesBacterial ChromosomesBacterial ChromosomesWhat is the region of a bacterial bacterial cell in which the chromosome is found??Bacterial ChromosomesWhat all do you see here?Origin ofreplicationGenesIntergenic regionsRepetitive sequencesWhat does this show?Bacterial ChromosomesWhat does this show?Bacterial ChromosomesStatement: Chromosome function is influenced by DNA supercoiling, and chromosomal DNA in bacteria is negatively supercoiled.Bacterial ChromosomesStatement: Chromosome function is influenced by DNA supercoiling, and chromosomal DNA in bacteria is negatively supercoiled.What are the two major effects of negative supercoiling?Bacterial ChromosomesHow about compaction?Bacterial ChromosomesHow about strand separation?Bacterial ChromosomesCircularchromosomeArea ofnegativesupercoilingStrandseparationStatement: The control of supercoiling in bacteria is accomplished by two main enzymes.Bacterial ChromosomesStatement: The control of supercoiling in bacteria is accomplished by two main enzymes: What is the function of DNA gyrase (also termed DNA topoisomerase II)? Bacterial ChromosomesStatement: The control of supercoiling in bacteria is accomplished by two main enzymes: What is the function of DNA gyrase (also termed DNA topoisomerase II)? What is the function of DNA topoisomerase I? Bacterial ChromosomesStatement: The control of supercoiling in bacteria is accomplished by two main enzymes: What is the function of DNA gyrase (also termed DNA topoisomerase II)? What is the function of DNA topoisomerase I? What does the competing action of these two enzymes control?Bacterial ChromosomesStatement: The ability of gyrase to introduce negative supercoils into DNA is crucial for bacteria to survive.What might blocking the function of this enzyme accomplish? Bacterial ChromosomesTwo main classes of drugs inhibit gyrase and other bacterial topoisomerases:Bacterial ChromosomesTwo main classes of drugs inhibit gyrase and other bacterial topoisomerases: quinolones …Bacterial ChromosomesTwo main classes of drugs inhibit gyrase and other bacterial topoisomerases: quinolones and coumarins. Bacterial ChromosomesTwo main classes of drugs inhibit gyrase and other bacterial topoisomerases: quinolones and coumarins. Bacterial ChromosomesThese do not inhibit eukaryotic topoisomerases.An example of a quinolone is Ciprofloxacin (“Cipro”), which is a commonly prescribed antibiotic today.Bacterial ChromosomesEukaryotic ChromosomesStatement: Eukaryotic species contain one or more sets of chromosomes; each set is composed of several different linear chromosomes. Eukaryotic ChromosomesStatement: Eukaryotic species contain one or more sets of chromosomes; each set is composed of several different linear chromosomes. How does the total amount of DNA in eukaryotic cells compare with that in bacterial cells? Eukaryotic ChromosomesStatement: Eukaryotic species contain one or more sets of chromosomes; each set is composed of several different linear chromosomes. How does the total amount of DNA in eukaryotic cells compare with that in bacterial cells? Where are chromosomes in eukaryotes located in the cell? Eukaryotic ChromosomesStatement: Eukaryotic species contain one or more sets of chromosomes; each set is composed of several