PowerPoint PresentationSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Slide 44Slide 45Slide 46Slide 47Slide 48Slide 49Slide 50Slide 51Slide 52Slide 53Slide 54Slide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58Slide 59Slide 60Slide 61Slide 62Slide 63Slide 64Slide 65Slide 66Slide 67Slide 68Slide 69Slide 70Slide 71Slide 72Slide 73Slide 74Slide 75Slide 76Slide 77Slide 78Slide 79Slide 80Slide 81Slide 82Slide 83Slide 84Slide 85Slide 86Slide 87Slide 88Slide 89Slide 90Slide 91Slide 92Slide 93Slide 94Slide 95Slide 96Slide 97Slide 98Slide 99Slide 100Slide 101Slide 102Slide 103Slide 104Slide 105Slide 106Slide 107Slide 108Slide 109Slide 110Slide 111Slide 112Slide 113Slide 114Slide 115Slide 116Slide 117Slide 118Slide 119Slide 120Slide 121Slide 122BIO 325 – GeneticsBiotechnologyOne must never lose time in vainly regretting the past or in complaining against the changes that cause us discomfort, for change is the essence of life.––Anatole FranceBiotechnologyBiotechnology involves the use of living organisms, or products from living organisms, as a way of benefiting humans.BiotechnologyBiotechnology involves the use of living organisms, or products from living organisms, as a way of benefiting humans.What are GMOs? BiotechnologyBiotechnology involves the use of living organisms, or products from living organisms, as a way of benefiting humans.What are GMOs? What is a transgenic organism?BiotechnologyBiotechnology involves the use of living organisms, or products from living organisms, as a way of benefiting humans.What are GMOs? What is a transgenic organism?What are mammalian cloning and stem cell research?BiotechnologyBiotechnology involves the use of living organisms, or products from living organisms, as a way of benefiting humans.What are GMOs? What is a transgenic organism?What are mammalian cloning and stem cell research?What is gene therapy?BiotechnologyThe Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyMicroorganisms are used to benefit humans in various ways. What are some of those ways?Many important medicines are produced by recombinant microorganisms. The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyHuman insulin has been produced by recombinant bacteria, as have a number of other drugs for humans. The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyHuman insulin has been produced by recombinant bacteria, as have a number of other drugs for humans. The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyBiological control refers to the use of living organisms, or their products, to alleviate plant diseases or damage from environmental conditions.The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyBiological control refers to the use of living organisms, or their products, to alleviate plant diseases or damage from environmental conditions.Bacillus thuringiensis, known as Bt, has been used to protect crops. The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyBiological control refers to the use of living organisms, or their products, to alleviate plant diseases or damage from environmental conditions.Bacillus thuringiensis, known as Bt, has been used to protect crops. The bacterium produces Bt toxin, which protects crops from caterpillars and beetles. The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyAs will be discussed later, Bt genes have been introduced into crops to produce transgeneic plants. The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyNon-Bt Cotton Bt CottonThe release of recombinant microorganisms into the environment is sometimes controversial. The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyThe release of recombinant microorganisms into the environment is sometimes controversial. What are recombinant microorganisms? The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyAn example is the generation of a genetically engineered strain of Pseudomonas syringae to control frost damage. The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyAn example is the generation of a genetically engineered strain of Pseudomonas syringae to control frost damage. Ice+ species produce proteins that promote the formation of ice crystals. The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyAn example is the generation of a genetically engineered strain of Pseudomonas syringae to control frost damage. Ice+ species produce proteins that promote the formation of ice crystals. Ice- species do not produce these proteins. The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyAn example is the generation of a genetically engineered strain of Pseudomonas syringae to control frost damage. Ice+ species produce proteins that promote the formation of ice crystals. Ice- species do not produce these proteins. Using recombinant technology, strains of P. syringae were generated that when sprayed on plants, would protect them from freezing temperatures. The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyAn example is the generation of a genetically engineered strain of Pseudomonas syringae to control frost damage. Ice+ species produce proteins that promote the formation of ice crystals. Ice- species do not produce these proteins. Using recombinant technology, strains of P. syringae were generated that when sprayed on plants, would protect them from freezing temperatures. Public perception of recombinant bacteria resulted in destruction of the plants by vandals, even though the experiment was a success. The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyP. syringae being sprayed onto plants. The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyP. syringae being sprayed onto plants. The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyIt’s perfectly safe, Joe.P. syringae being sprayed onto plants. The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyThat’s okay. You go on ahead and I’ll wait here!Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to decrease pollutants in the environment.The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyBioremediation is the use of microorganisms to decrease pollutants in the environment.During bioremediation via microorganisms, enzymes produced by a microorganism modify a toxic pollutant by altering or transforming its structure. This is called biotransformation.The Use of Microorganisms in BiotechnologyBioremediation is the use of microorganisms to decrease pollutants in the environment.During bioremediation via microorganisms, enzymes produced by a microorganism modify a toxic pollutant