Revised Study SheetExam 1Texas Political History1. Hernan Cortez: defeats Aztecs in central valley of Mexico (1519-21) andoccupies Tenochtitlan (renamed MX city). Confiscates their supplies of gold and silver. Aztec gold acquired over centuries gives spain idea that more riches (gold, silver, copper) abound on continent.2. Cabeza de Vaca: the first European to travel through Texas (1528-36) with 3 spainards and 1 slave. Excites Spanish with tales of riches. Shipwrecked on TX coast near Galveston Island attempting to return to New Spain. Coastal tribes hostile. De Vaca was second in command for the deNarvaez expedition sent to settle Fl. He was a merchant, medicine man, slave, surgeon. He re-united with countrymen on west coast of MX. 3. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado: expeditionsexplore area from Florida to AZ (1539-1542). He was sent byMendoza (who feared possible expeiditions by Cortes and de Soto-a separate enterprise). 2 expeditions separatelyexplore land from Fl to AZ, the two men were competitors. Coronado’s expeditiona failure, to him TX isnothing but sky and buffalo. 4. Robert Cavelier, Sieurde LaSalle: French explorer descends Mississippi River from Canada and names the country Louisiana (1682) afterthe King of France (Louis XIV). He claims all the lands that were drained by the Mississippi river. He lands at MatagordaBay (1685), set sail with 280 persons in 4 ships. If not for La Salle, possible that initial settlement of TX may have come from NM. La Salle’s landing causes Spain to focus on coast. 5. Fort Saint Louis: established by La Salle (near Vanderbilt in Jackson Co.). La Salle never used his name. La Salle got lost, off by 400 miles looking for mouth of Miss R. Spain was warned and it took them 4 years to find the fort (Spain feared this could be a French base from which they attack New Spain and wanted to protect silver mines in North Mexico). La Salle got stranded and was killed by own men by Trinity R. in an attempt to reach Canada. Spanish find 2 Frenchmen at fort. 6. King Charles II (1665-1700): ruled during Spain’s peak in16th century. He was 7of 8 great grandparent’s direct descendants of Spanish Queen Juana La Loca. He was retarded, mentally subnormal, sterile andsuicidal. Had a deformed jaw (had trouble chewing or speaking). He dies without an heir. End of Hapsburg dynasty linking Spain and Austria. Replaced by Bourbon dynasty linking Spain and France. 7. San Juan Bautista: oneof 4 missions established along Rio Grande in 1700. It was located 35 miles south of Eagle Pass. Served as the Gateway to Spanish TX. (1700-03)8. Francisco Hidalgo (1713-14): involved inmission SJB, he sent aletter to the governorof LA (Sieur de Cadillac) asking French help in missionary work with Indians of East Texas. 9. Antoine de la Mothe, Sieur de Cadillac (governor of LA): founder of Detroit in 1701. 10. Louis Juchereau de St.Denis: (1713-1714) guides Spanish expedition back to East Texas to establishtrade between French and Spanish. He founds Natchitoches on the way to SJB andmarries SJB commandant’s step-granddaughter after first being imprisoned and sent to MX city with Hidalgo. SD and Ramon family interested in establishing illegal trade links between TX and LA. He persuades Viceroy to make him a part of official expedition to East TX as a guide and commissary officer. W/O 2nd occupation, TX may have fallen to France hands. In 1717, he was imprisoned after showing up to SJB with caravan of trade goods and he leaves TX for good. Later, hebecomes FR commander at Natchitoches. In 1718,San Antonio was founded as a way station between SJB and East TX (most important accomplishment of 2ndoccupation, only self-government in TX, most successful town in Spanish TX). 11. Chicken War: French corporal with 6 soldiers capture Adaesmission (1719), whichwas guarded by 1 soldier and a lay brother. Lay brother escapes westward to Dolores mission, Spanish flee to San Antonio. 6 missions abandoned and presidio. Embarrassing to Spain, only 60-70 soldiers in all of TX. Ended second occupation of East Texas. It was an outgrowth of war of the Spanish Succession (1702-13) or the Queen Anne’s war with France and Spain vs. British. The purpose of the war was to keep King Phillip V of Spain from also becoming the King of France. Spain had lost Sardinaand Sicily and wantedthem back. France declared war on Spainin defense of Treaty ofUtrecht. Fighting spills over in North America. 12. Los Adaes: a mission, became new capital ofProvince of Texas by Marquis of Aguayo to keep an eye on France(1721). It became a presidio mission and civil settlement duringthe 3rd occupation of East Texas. Garrison had 100 men at Adaes to prevent re-invasion by French. France never seriously threatened TX again. It remained as capital for next half a century.Los Adaes residents trade with France even though illegal. 13. Marquis of Aguayo: Governor of Coahuila and Texas. He anchorsTexas for 1st time at 3 points: Los Adaes, La Bahia, and San Antonio (1722 high point of Spanish TX). He re-establishes East Texas abandoned missions during Chicken War at his own expense. He’s rich. After his expedition, there were4 presidios, 9 missions, and 3 civil settlements at SA and East TX (high point ofSpanish TX). He brought livestock in 1721 and began large scale ranching in TX.He saved TX from French encroachment (an expedition biggestto cross Rio Grande until Santa Anna). 500men, supplies, 2800 horses, 4800 cattle, 6400 sheep. One of the most successful TX colonizers before Austin. 1731, bought 220,000 acres from crown for 250 pesos. 14. La Bahia: a presidio and mission established by Aguayoon site of Fort St. Louis (1722) at royal request. Moved to Guadalupe R. in 1726.Moved again to Goliad on San Antonio R. by Escandon troops. 269 soldiers left by Aguayo, who is really responsible for keeping TX under Spanish control. 15. French and Indian War (also called 7 Yrswar or the Great War for Empire, 1754-1763): eliminated France from the NorthAmerican mainland. The war eliminated Spain’s main reason for occupying East Texas and ended the third occupation. French give western LA (west of Miss R. including New Orleans) to Spanish in1762 to keep it out of English hands after loss of Canada in war and to compensate forSpain losing Cuba andthe Philippines to Britain. Spain allied with France in war. First time spain has to govern a lot of foreigners and results in empresario experiment. 16. Royal Regulation of 1772: San