Class 15 Romantic Art of the 18th and 19th century Romanticism c 1790 1850 Does not simply mean an interest in romantic love Viewed the Enlightenment interest in logic rationality and science as inadequate to understand the complexity of human beings Also following the terrors of the French Revolution 17 000 executed in one year Enlightenment ideals seem to have failed on many counts Rather than the Enlightenment emphasis on objective rules standards and logic the Romantic movement stressed subjective qualities like the emotions the imagination dreams fantasy mystery the exotic etc It also emphasized the individual and notions of uniqueness in art Romantics believed that artists shouldn t copy other artists or past style esp the classical or Neoclassical styles but should explore their individual genius Neoclassical styles still persist within the academic system but artists are expected to express more personal ideas For the first time art begins to be viewed as the expression of the artist s personality or state of mind The artist is often regarded as an individual alienated from society These ideas were not common to the Renaissance Baroque Rococo or Neoclassical periods Fuseli The Nightmare 1781 40 x 50 London Romantic Fuseli Thor Battling the Mitgard Serpent 1790 London Romantic This images is based on the medieval Nordic epic the Nibellongenlied which focuses on Thor the Thunder God Francisco Goya The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters 1797 8 aquatint Spain Romantic Between 1797 8 Goya produced a series of 80 aquatint known as the Caprichos Caprices or Whims documenting the abuses he perceived in contemporary society Aquatint Aquatint is an intaglio printmaking process As in etching a metal plate is covered with a waxy resin but usually in the form of a powder Before beginning to depict the image the plate is dipped in an acid bath producing a pitted surface that will hold ink and print as a dark and mysterious background The artist can then begin drawing the image into the waxy resin and the finished image will again be placed in an acid bath to etch the linear elements Goya What a Golden Beak Carried Away Caprichos 1797 8 aquatint Spain Romantic Goya Disasters of War 1810 engraving Spanish Romantic Francisco Goya The Shootings of May 3rd 1808 1814 9 x 13 Spain Romantic Napoleon invaded Spain in 1808 Goya The Shootings of May 3rd 1808 1814 Spain Romantic Jacques Louis David Oath of the Horatii 1784 85 Paris Neoclassical Goya Saturn Devouring his Son 1819 1823 Spain Romantic Painted directly onto the walls of Goya s house these works are known as his Black paintings Honore Daumier Rue Transnonian April 15 1834 lithograph Paris Romantic Printing Techniques Lithography Relief Printing Woodblock prints Intaglio Printing Engraving Etching Drypoint Aquatint Lithography Artist draws on a flat stone with a greasy crayonlike instrument When the stone s surface is wiped with an oil based ink it attaches to the greasy surface Different colors of ink can be wiped on different parts of the surface A piece of paper is laid on the surface of the stone and the ink is transferred to the paper advantages artists could draw on the stone surface as though it were paper and artists didn t have to involve an engraver or etcher to make prints Barry and Pugin British Houses of Parliament 1836 60 England Romantic Gothic Revival Westminister Abbey established between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor largely completed by the 13th c coronations and royal burials are held here Barry and Pugin British Houses of Parliament 1836 60 England Romantic Benjamin Latrobe U S Capitol Building 1808 Washington D C Neoclassical Age of Napoleon and Beyond Napoleon was a general under the French Revolutionary government and he seized power through a coup d tat in 1799 By 1805 he declared himself Emperor of France and proceeded to conquer most of Europe He was deposed and exiled in 1815 The previous dynasty of French kings was restored to the throne under Louis XVIII this period is known as the Restoration and they proceeded to eliminate many of the reforms that Napoleon had instituted In July of 1830 this dynasty was overthrown and another branch of the royal family was installed on the throne but now as a constitutional monarchy This event is called the July Revolution and the ruling house is known as the July Monarchy Arc de Triomphe begun 1806 164 x 148 x 72 Paris Romantic begun by Napoleon and finished under July Monarchy Arch of Titus 81 CE concrete faced with marble 50 tall Rome Francois Rude Departure of the Volunteers of 1792 The Marsellaise 1833 36 Arc de Triomphe Paris Romantic The Marsellaise is the French National Anthem written in 1792 Ye sons of France awake to glory Hark hark what myriads bid you rise Your children wives and white haired grandsires Behold their tears and hear their cries repeat Shall hateful tyrants mischiefs breeding With hireling hosts a ruffian band Affright and desolate the land While peace and liberty lie bleeding To arms to arms ye brave The avenging sword unsheath March on march on All hearts resolv d On victory or death Jacques Louis David Napoleon Crossing the Saint Bernard Napoleon Crossing the Alps 1800 1801 9 x 8 France David continues on as the most influential painter of his day under Napoleon His style which has become the basis of the French Academy of Art begins to take on certain Romantic elements For the purpose of simplicity we will call this style Academic Romanticism Note inscribed on the rocks on the lower left corner are the names of Bonaparte Hannibal and Charlemagne 3 great leaders who also crossed the Alps Jacques Louis David The Coronation of Napoleon 1804 11 x 23 France Academic Romanticism