CLASS 14 NEO CLASSICAL ART Canaletto The Doge s Palace and the Riva degli Schiavoni 1730s 2 x 3 Venice Tourist art key term the Grand Tour veduta vedute view Canaletto The Doge s Palace 1730 Venice Tourist art Mt Vesuvius erupts in 79 CE burying the ancient Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum under 20 feet of ash Other nearby cities were also buried They began to be excavated in the 18th c and inspired a generation of artists Victims of the Mt Vesuvius volcano House of the Vettii plan and garden c 70 CE Pompeii Neoclassical Style 1750s onward Artists are inspired by discoveries of Pompeii and Herculaeum and like the artists of the Renaissance they often draw on the classical i e Greco Roman past for inspiration While Renaissance artists adapted classical art to their own needs however Neoclassical artists often copied classical works and styles more carefully some artists are inspired by classical themes and some by classical styles most Neoclassical art is very serious and weighty but some is more playful Enlightenment Ideas c 1750 parallel Neoclassical styles in art but are not synonymous with them Emphasis on the perfectibility of man and the notion of progress i e knowledge is more complete and society gets better as time goes on Emphasis on the scientific method learn by observation without relying on faith emphasis on rationality Posits the equality of all men sometimes of different races and sometimes even includes women Belief in democratic or at least representative systems of government American Revolution 1776 French Revolution 1789 In many cases Enlightenment theorists looked back to ancient Greece and Rome as golden ages as had the scholars of the Renaissance Artists are stimulated by excavations at Pompeii and Herculaneum which had been buried by an eruption of Mt Vesuvius in 79 C E Horatio Greenough George Washington 1840 U S A Neoclassical Canova Pauline Borghese as Venus 1808 marble 6 7 Rome Neoclassical Josiah Wedgewood The Apotheosis of Homer 1790 jasperware England Neoclassical Ancient Grecian Urns For Josiah Wedgewood Am I Not a Man and a Brother 1787 jasperware England Am I Not a Woman and a Sister 1838 Neoclassical Angelica Kauffman Cornelia Pointing to her Children as her Treasures 1785 40 x 50 London Neoclassical Joseph Wright of Derby An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump 1768 6 x 8 England Neoclassical Joseph Wright of Derby An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump 1768 6 x 8 England Neoclassical Jacques Louis David Oath of the Horatii 1784 85 11 x 14 Paris Neoclassical Set in Rome of 7th c B C E The 3 sons of Horace the Horatii vow to fight to the death against the 3 Curatii brothers This work was commissioned by King Louis XVI but after the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789 it was appropriated by the new Jacobin Academies of Art Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture France est 1663 by Louis XIV was the first national academy controlled by State officials French Academy in Rome est 1666 the Rome Prize was a scholarship to study in Italy for 4 6 years generally one painter and one sculptor received it every year Art Academies established in Berlin 1696 Dresden 1705 London 1768 Boston 1780 Mexico City 1785 New York 1802 Along with the establishment of art academies were the first public exhibitions of art beginning in 1664 in France often held annually or biannually What implications does this have for the creation and appreciation of art Jacques Louis David Death of Marat 1793 5 x 4 Paris Neoclassical Anne Louis GirodetTrioson Portrait of JeanBaptiste Belley 1797 5 x 4 France Neoclassical Inspired by the American and French Revolutions the people of Haiti many of them slaves brought from Africa to work on the plantations rebelled against their French colonial rulers and declared their independence Belley was a former slave sent to Paris as a representative of Haiti John Singleton Copley Thomas Mifflin and Sarah Morris 1773 61 x 48 Boston Neoclassical Chiswick House 1726 1729 London Neoclassical Chiswick House 1726 1729 London Neoclassical Pantheon 126 C E Rome Chiswick House 1726 1729 London Neoclassical Thomas Jefferson Monticello 1769 82 Virginia USA Neoclassical Thomas Jefferson Monticello 1769 82 Virginia USA Neoclassical Benjamin Latrobe U S Capitol Building 1808 Washington D C Neoclassical U S Capitol Building Washington D C State Capitol Building Austin TX