CLASS 12 THE BAROQUE IN SPAIN FLANDERS AND THE DUTCH REPUBLIC Caravaggio The Entombment of Christ c 1602 1604 oil on canvas 9 10 x 6 8 Vatican Rome Baroque Key terms Caravaggisti someone who follows the style of Caravaggio Caravaggesque adj working in the style of Caravaggio Tenebrism casting the background into deep shadow and spotlighting the figures in the foreground Hierarchy of Painting Genres 1 History painting including historical scenes as well as ones drawn from the Bible and classical mythology these works focus on depictions of the human figure in historically significant moments 2 Portrait painting 3 Genre painting scenes from everyday life depictions of the common folk 4 Landscape 5 Animal Painting 6 Still Lifes including paintings of flowers food cups jars etc Artemisia Gentileschi Judith Beheading Holfernes 1620 Italy Baroque The Spanish Empire in Europe in the 16th and 17th c Jusepe de Ribera Martyrdom of St Bartholomew 1634 3 x 4 oil on canvas Naples Baroque Diego Vel zquez Water Carrier of Seville c 1619 oil on canvas 3 x 2 Spain Baroque Velazquez eventually became court painter to King Phillip II of Spain He made two trips to Italy one from 1629 31 and another from 164951 Diego Vel zquez Water Carrier of Seville c 1619 oil on canvas Baroque Diego Vel zquez Las Meninas The Maids of Honor 1656 oil on canvas 10 x 9 Spain Baroque Diego Vel zquez Las Meninas The Maids of Honor 1656 Spain Baroque Jan van Eyck Arnolfini Double Portrait 1434 Diego Vel zquez Las Meninas 1656 Diego Vel zquez Las Meninas The Maids of Honor 1656 Baroque The Spanish Empire in Europe in the 16th c Spain controlled this section of Northern Europe throughout the 16th c Since Spain was a Catholic country and this area was largely Protestant many religious wars and rebellions were the result Finally in the early 17th c one group of provinces gathered together and gained their independence These known as the United Provinces or the Dutch Republic were primarily Protestant The more southerly area still controlled by Spain including Flanders was known as the Spanish Netherlands and was largely Catholic Peter Paul Rubens The Raising of the Cross 1610 1611 oil on canvas center panel 15 x 19 Flanders Spanish Netherlands Baroque Rubens went to Italy in 1600 and spent 8 years studying and copying Renaissance works Peter Paul Rubens Henry IV Receiving the Portrait of Marie de Medici 1621 25 oil on canvas 13 x 10 Flanders Spanish Netherlands Baroque Marie de Medici related to the Medici family of Florence was married to King Henry IV of France and when he died she served as the regent for her young son Rubens was commissioned by her to commemorate her life and marriage in a series of twenty four paintings Peter Paul Rubens Marie de Medici Disembarking in France 1621 23 oil on canvas 13 x 10 Baroque ONLINE DICTIONARY Rubenesque Applied to a woman who has similar proportions to those in paintings by the Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens attractively plump a woman who is alluring or pretty but without the waif like body or athletic build presently common in media Our waitress is really hot even if she has a few extra pounds on her but it doesn t matter because I like my women rubenesque anyway The United Provinces Dutch Republic was a largely Protestant area with a strong mercantile class The Dutch had the first stock market for example There was very little call for religious imagery in churches but the Dutch were enthusiastic patrons of artists who depicted the world around them particularly landscapes still lifes portraits and genre paintings Most painters specialized in one of these subjects and sold their work on the flourishing art Pieter Claesz Still Life with Tazza 1636 17 x 24 Dutch Republic key term vanitas Baroque Rachel Ruysch Flower Still Life c 1700 30 x 24 Dutch Republic Baroque Women artists who weren t allowed to sketch or paint from the nude and who thus faced difficulties in making history painting often turned to less prestigious genres like flowers and still lifes Even though these works weren t as prestigious as images involving the human figure they were enormously popular and Ruysch made a lot of money Jacob van Ruisdael View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen 1670 22 x 24 Dutch Republic Baroque Rembrandt van Rijn The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicolaes Tulp 1632 oil on canvas 5 x 7 Dutch Republic Baroque Rembrandt van Rijn The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicolaes Tulp 1632 Baroque Rembrandt van Rijn Captain Frans Banning Cocq Mustering His Company The Night Watch 1642 oil on canvas 12 x 14 Dutch Republic Baroque Rembrandt van Rijn Captain Frans Banning Cocq Mustering His Company The Night Watch 1642 Baroque Rembrand Self Portrait 1658 4 x 3 oil on canvas Dutch Republic Baroque Over the course of his life Rembrandt produced nearly 70 selfportraits a quantity unmatched by any other artist Impasto the thick application of paint on canvas