Class 3 14th and 15th Century Art in Europe Palazzo Pubblico 1288 1309 Siena early Renaissance Ambrogio Lorenzetti Allegories of Good and Bad Government 1338 1340 fresco long wall 46 Sala della Pace Palazzo Pubblico Siena early Renaissance Ambrogio Lorenzetti Allegory of Good Government in the City 1338 1340 fresco Sala della Pace Palazzo Pubblico Siena early Renaissance key terms allegory perspective Ambrogio Lorenzetti Allegory of Good Government in the City 1338 1340 fresco Sala della Pace Palazzo Pubblico Siena key term allegorical figure early Renaissance Ambrogio Lorenzetti Allegory of Good Government in the City 1338 1340 fresco Sala della Pace Palazzo Pubblico Siena early Renaissance Without fear let each man walk freely and working let everyone sow while such a community this personage will keep under her rule because she has removed all power from the guilty Sculpture During the Medieval period sculptors avoided creating work that looked like ancient Greek and Roman sculpture They did this for a number of reasons To Medieval Christians the human body was the site of sin and degradation and earthly life was just a stopping point to eternal life in heaven while ancient Greeks and Romans celebrated the human body Greeks and Romans particularly celebrated the nude human form which they encountered in many aspects of life gymnasiums public baths etc while Christians felt embarrassed or ashamed of nudity Early Christians had also suffered a brutal persecution under the Romans and they associated the Roman sculptural style with this oppression Chartres Cathedral 12th 13th c Gothic Spear Bearer Roman copy of Greek original 1st c C E key term contrapposto Donatello David c 1450 Roman copy of ancient Greek Sculpture Michelangelo David 1504 Renaissance Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore St Mary of the Flower Florence Baptistery in front 3 famous sets of doors designed by 2 artists during the Renaissance Andrea Pisano Life of John the Baptist 1330 1336 Florence early Renaissance gilded bronze south doors of the Baptistry of Florence Cathedral bronze costs about 12x more than stone Angel announces to Zachariah Visitation Zachariah writes the boy s name Zachariah is St John struck mute reprimands Herod Birth of the Disciples Baptist visit St John St John as a boy in the desert Dance of Salome Preaching to the Pharisees St John Presentation announces of the head Christ of St John Baptism of his disciples Baptism of Transport of Jesus St John s body Hope Faith Charity Incarceratio n of St John Disciples visit Jesus Decapitation of St John Salome takes St John s head to Herodias Burial of St John Humility Fortitude Temperance Justice Prudence Andrea Pisano Life of John the Baptist 1330 1336 gilded bronze south doors of the Baptistry of Florence Cathedral early Renaissance Giotto Lamentation 1305 Scrovegni Chapel Andrea Pisano Life of John the Baptist 13301336 e Renaissance Spread of the Bubonic Plague or Black Death in mid 14th c greatly disrupted the development of European civilization in the late 14th c 15th century N Europe divided into a number of different types of provinces and regions including Burgundy and Flanders Flemish Limbourg Brothers January l and February r from the Tr s Riches Heures of the Duke of Berry 1411 1416 colors and ink on parchment approx 9 x 5 Burgundy hand painted key term Book of Hours early Northern Renaissance Limbourg Brothers January from the Tr s Riches Heures of the Duke of Berry 1411 1416 hand painted Burgundy early Northern Renaissance Limbourg Brothers February from the Tr s Riches Heures of the Duke of Berry 1411 1416 hand painted Burgundy early Northern Renaissance Limbourg Brothers February from the Tr s Riches Heures of the Duke of Berry 1411 1416 hand painted Burgundy early Northern Renaissance Anonymous Buxheim St Christopher mid15th c Hand colored woodblock print on paper about 12 x 8 from Buxheim monastery early Northern Renaissance Relief printing is often carved from a wood block and it is usually referred to as printing rather than engraving The areas that are raised are the ones that print The Latin text reads Whenever you look at the face of St Christopher you will not die a Martin Schongauer Demons Tormenting Saint Anthony c 1485 Engraving 12 x 9 Germany early Northern Renaissance Intaglio Printing is more commonly called Engraving since it is usually done on a sheet of metal The areas that are incised are the ones that print Moveable Type Printing and the Gutenberg Bible Printing presses develop at the end of the 14th c and begin to replace hand copying and hand illustration Paper begins to replace parchment and vellum both from animal skin Johann Gutenberg invents moveable type printing where each letter is carved separately then arranged on a plate and locked together Gutenberg working in Germany printed the first copy of the Bible in 1455 Moveable type printing revolutionized the intellectual and spiritual life of Europe possibly more than any other invention Hunt of the Unicorn tapestry series Finding the Unicorn at the Fountain c 1500 12 x12 Flanders early Northern Renaissance Jan van Eyck Arnolfini Double Portrait 1434 oil on wood panel 33 x 22 Flanders early Northern Renaissance Van Eyck is often credited with inventing oil painting although it had been around since the 12th c Cimabue Virgin and Child Enthroned Florence l 13th c tempera on panel early Italian Renaissance Jan van Eyck Arnolfini Double Portrait 1434 Flanders oil on wood panel early Northern Renaissance Tempera vs Oil Paint Ground pigment suspended in egg yolk Dries quickly Painted surface is opaque shading is produced with tones of white and gray laid on top Matte finish i e dull surface Ground pigment suspended in oil Dries slowly Able to use numerous thin layers of translucent paint called glazes which can all be seen on surface easier to mix and blend colors glossy surface Cimabue Virgin and Child Enthroned l 13th c tempera on panel Florence Jan van Eyck Arnolfini Double Portrait 1434 Flanders oil on wood panel Jan van Eyck Arnolfini Double Portrait 1434 oil on wood panel 33 x 22 Flanders early Northern Renaissance Jan van Eyck Arnolfini Double Portrait 1434 oil on wood panel 33 x 22 Flanders early Northern Renaissance The text on the wall reads Jan van Eyck was here This is the first example we have of an artist signing a work