CLASS 11 THE BAROQUE IN ITALY Baroque 17th c Baroque originally meant a oddly shaped pearl and was applied as a kind of insult by later scholars to this period after the Renaissance Now it is used as a neutral term Social and religious trends Protestant Reformation in North continues Protestants generally avoid religious art and artists have to seek patronage outside of Church They generally find patronage among the middle classes and this gives birth to new subject matter in art Catholic Counter Reformation in South continues Catholics continue to use art to increase the emotional appeal of the Church Artists are encouraged to use subjects that emphasize martyrdom or mystical states A series of Popes continue to build up Rome artistically Bernini David 1623 marble 5 5 Rome Baroque Michelangelo David 1501 1504 marble 17 Florence High Renaissance Bernini David 1623 marble 5 5 Rome Baroque BAROQUE STYLE Theatricality drama Emotional intensity Agitation dynamic movement Virtuoso technique Seems to transcend the boundaries of its space involves viewer in the action Bernini David 1623 marble 5 5 Rome Baroque Bernini Ecstasy of Saint Teresa 16451652 Cornaro Chapel Rome Baroque Multimedia combining sculpture architecture painting stained glass and lighting effects Bernini Ecstasy of Saint Teresa 1645 1652 Cornaro Chapel Rome Baroque Beside me on the left appeared an angel in bodily form He was not tall but short and very beautiful and his face was so aflame that he appeared to be one of the highest ranks of angels who seem to be all on fire In his hands I saw a great golden spear and at the iron tip there appeared to be a point of fire This he plunged into my heart several times so that it penetrated my entrails When he pulled it out I felt that he took them with it and left me utterly consumed by the great love of God The pain was so severe that it made me utter several moans The sweetness caused by this intense pain is so extreme that one can not possibly wish it to cease nor is one s soul content with anything but God This is not a physical but a spiritual pain though the body has some share in it even a considerable share St Teresa of Avila Bernini Ecstasy of Saint Teresa 1645 1652 Cornaro Chapel Rome Baroque Bernini Ecstasy of Saint Teresa 1645 1652 Cornaro Chapel Rome Baroque ST PETER S BASILICA Old St Peter s Bramante plan 4th century for New St Peter s converted 1506 basilica form Michelangelo plan for New St Peter s 1546 1564 Maderno plan for New St Peter s 1607 1626 Bernini plan for New St Peter s piazza 1656 1657 Bernini Piazza in front of St Peter s Basilica Vatican City Rome 1656 57 Baroque Bernini Baldacchino 1624 1633 Gilded bronze approx 100 high Basilica of Saint Peter Rome Baroque Built over the high altar which also marks the tomb of St Peter the columns symbolize the union of the Christian and Jewish traditions The vines symbolize the Eucharist i e the wine and bread that symbolize the blood and flesh of Christ and the twisting columns that are thought to represent columns of the Temple of Solomon an important Jewish temple Caravaggio The Entombment of Christ c 1602 1604 oil on canvas 9 10 x 6 8 Vatican Rome Baroque Key terms Caravaggisti someone who follows the style of Caravaggio Caravaggesque in the style of Caravaggio Tenebrism casting the background into deep shadow and spotlighting the figures in the foreground Caravaggio Conversion of St Paul 1601 oil on canvas 8 x 6 Rome Baroque Note since from the Baroque period onward almost all paintings are oil on canvas you do not need to pay attention to this fact any longer Caravaggio The Calling of St Matthew 1600 11 x 11 oil on canvas Rome Baroque Caravaggio The Calling of St Matthew 1600 11 x 11 oil on canvas Rome Baroque Caravaggio The Calling of St Matthew 1600 11 x 11 oil on canvas Rome Baroque Artemesia Gentileschi Suzanna and the Elders 1600 oil on canvas Baroque Artemesia Gentileschi Suzanna and the Elders 1600 Tintoretto Suzanna and the Elders 1560 naked vs nude