POLSC 135 1st Edition Final Exam Study Guides 7 12 chapters 8 13 Important Terms to know Third Wave Democratization The surge of democratizations that have happened since 1974 Bottom Up Democratic transition A transition that occurs when the population rises up to overthrow an authoritarian regime Top Down democratic transition A transition where the ruling elite begin to liberalize the society Collective Action The pursuit of some objective by groups of individuals Public good Non excludable and nonrivalrous Free rider problem Refers to the fact that individual members of a group often have little incentive to contribute to the provision of a public good that will benefit all members of the group Preference falsification Not revealing one s true preferences in public Revolutionary cascade When one person s participation triggers the participation of another and so on Structural dependence of the state on capital Self explanatory Dominant party dictatorship A dictatorship that is in place due to the power that the dominant party instills in the dictator Personalistic dictatorship A dictator that holds onto power by cult of personality Selectorate the people who are able to vote and select a leader Winning coalition The people who select the winning leader Vote of no confidence A vote that is called that dissolves the current government Constructive vote of no confidence A vote that dissolves the current government and proposes a new system of government Vote of confidence A vote to show that the government is indeed working Legislative responsibility Refers to a situation in which a legislative majority has the constitutional power a vote of no confidence to remove a government from office without a cause Presidential democracy One in which the government does not depend on a legislative majority to exist Parliamentary democracy One in which the government depends on a legislative majority to exist and the head of the state is not popularly elected for a fixed term Semi presidential democracy One in which the government depends on a legislative majority to exist and the head of the state is popularly elected for a fixed term Caretaker government when an election is called or when an incumbent government either resigns or is defeated in a vote of no confidence It fules the country for an interim period until a new government is formed Office seeker politician Interested in the intrinsic benefits of office he wants as much office as possible Policy seeker politician only wants to shape policy Gamson s law States that cabinet portfolios will be distributed among government parties in strict proportion to the number of seats that each party contributes to the government s legislative majority Corporatist interest group relations Occurs when key social and economic actors such as labor business and agriculture groups are integrated into the formal policymaking process Pluralist interest group relations occurs when interest groups compete in the political marketplace outside of the formal policy making process Principal agent problem refers to the difficulties that arise when a principal delegates authority to an agent who a potentially has different goals than the principal and b cannot be perfectly monitored Moral hazard occurs when the agent has the opportunity to take actions that are hidden from the principal Adverse selection occurs when the agent has attributes that are hidden from the principal Single member district plurality electoral system one in which individuals cast a single vote for a candidate in a single member district The candidate with the most votes is elected Study Guides Note a denotes the correct answer Chapter 8 1 German reunification took place in October 1990 This refers to the reunification of a Germany and Poland b Germany and Austria c West Germany and Slovakia d East Germany and West Germany 2 Portugal Spain and Greece experienced transitions to democracy in which decade a 1950s b 1960s c 1970s d 1980s 3 South Korea experienced a transition to democracy in which decade a 1950s b 1970s c 1980s d None of the above South Korea is currently an isolated and repressive dictatorship 4 Chile Brazil and Uruguay experienced transitions to democracy in which decade a 1970s b 1980s c 1990s 5 The non interventionist policy of which Soviet leader was instrumental in the democratic transitions of 1989 across much of Eastern Europe a Joseph Stalin b Mikhail Gorbachev c Nikita Khrushchev d Boris Yeltsin 6 The velvet revolution is a reference to the peaceful democratic transition in a Czechoslovakia b Romania 7 According to recent studies of attempts to externally impose democracy on a country by using military force there is very little evidence if any to support the claim that such intervention increases the level of democracy in the target countries a True b False 8 Some politicians like to refer to cases in which the United States intervened successfully in order to establish democracy Japan and West Germany after WWII are the favorite examples However according to the recent empirical research discussed in Chapter 8 on democratic transitions evidence shows that although attempts at the external imposition of democracy may promote some democraticseeming reforms in the short run they ultimately produce political instability in the target countries and are unlikely to lead to a stable democracy a True b False 9 The introduction of elections legislatures and parties in many dictatorships around the world is a sign that these countries are definitely moving toward democracy a True b False 10 A public good is a Excludable and rivalrous b Non excludable and rivalrous c Excludable and non rivalrous d Non excludable and non rivalrous 11 Public goods are by their nature desirable Thus anyone who would benefit from such a good can be expected to contribute to its provision a True b False 12 Collective action theory indicates that individuals will automatically act collectively to achieve their goals whenever they share common interests such as wanting to listen to NPR protect environmental resources or promote democracy a True b False The following Collective Action scenario applies to the next three questions Say you belong to a group that has fifty members N and in order to get a particular benefit B you need fifteen members K to contribute Those who contribute to the provision of the benefit pay a cost C Of course B C 13 If you know that ten members of the group aside from