POLSC 135 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture:Comparative Method.Outline of Current Lecture: Introduction to Politics, Game Theory. Current Lecture:I.What is Politics?-Politics is the subset of human behavior that involves the use of power or influence.- Power is involved when people can’t accomplish their goals without:- Trying to influence the behavior of others- Trying to wrestle free of the influence of others- Exit, Voice, and Loyalty = the basis of Political Game theory.- Exit: Accept that there has been a deleterious change in your environment and alter your behavior to achieve the best outcome possible given your new environment. - Voice: Use your Voice (complain, protest, lobby, take direct action) to try and change the environment back to its original condition. - Loyalty: Accept the fact that the environment has changed and make no changes to your behavior (note: states love citizens like this). II.Game Theory:-A “game” is a situation in which an individual’s ability to achieve his/her goals depends on the choices made by other actors. -A game always has a set of players: each player has a set of possible choices.-A payoff is what the players value (value of outcomes)-A strategy for playing the game is a complete plan of what each player will do in each and every outcome/circumstance.-To solve the game, we have to identify the strategies that a rational decision maker would make.III.Game Theory Example: -Say for example that a citizen lives within a state. The state decides to raise taxes. The following chart below is a representation of how the citizen may react. -Presumptions: The state starts with 1 (representing tax income). -Key: L = Loyal, E= Exit, V=Voice. 1 = taxes. C=Cost. (Citizen;State)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. It is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.End Lecture.CitizenVoiceLoyal (L; 1+L)Exit (E; -1) [state loses]StateIgnoreRespond (1-C;L)CitizenLoyal (0-C; 1+L)Exit (E-C;
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