POLSC 135 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last Lecture: EconomyOutline of Current LectureClassical Cultural ArgumentsCurrent Lecture:I. John Stuart Mill (1861)- “No one believes that every people is capable of working every sort of institutions” - Even those who wanted civilized government could not sustain it without the right “mental” and “moral habitats”. They also needed some degree of development. - Cultural modernization theory argues that:- Socioeconomic development does not directly cause democracy. - Problem 1: What is it about culture that matters? - Mill and Montesquieu provide a whole host of things that might matter for democracy. Most of these things are left rather vague. - Problem 2: What is the casual relationship between cultural, economic, and political factors? II. Civic Culture- Almond and Verba, The civic culture (1965) - Three types of Political Culture: - Parochial culture: society where individuals are hardly are of government and politics. This is suitable for traditional system of African tribes. - Subject culture: Here citizens passively obey government and laws, but are not involved in politics. This is suitable for authoritarian systems. - Participant culture: aware of politics and participate because informed and make demands. This is – suitable for democracy. - Culture: how individuals think and feel about the political system. - Civic Culture is a shared attitudes that include the following: - A high level of interpersonal trust - A preference for gradual societal change - A high level of support for existing political system- High levels of life satisfaction. - Inglehart (1990) reached a similar conclusion. - For him, political culture was determined by: These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. It is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- High level of life satisfaction- High levels of interpersonal trust - Preference for gradual social change- High support for the current social order- High levels of post-materialism values. - High levels of political discussion- High percentage of population comprising Protestants- On the whole, a civic culture is conceptualized - Putnam (1993) and social capital in Italy. - He defines social capital as “norms of reciprocity and networks of civic engagement”. - What is the exact causal relationship between economic development, culture, and democracy? 1) Values story – Inglehart Economic development -> Culture -> Democracy 2) Institutional story – Muller and Seligson Economic Development -> Democracy -> Culture End
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