GEOS 212 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last Lecture LECTURE 19 OUTLINE (Intro to Marine Life – 7 April) Part 3 = Life in the Oceans = Controlled by processes in Part1 and Part 2: Part 1 = Solid Earth Processes: - Make/destroy ocean basins - Rocks/seds on ocean floor - Seawater Chemistry Part 2 = Atmosphere-Ocean Processes: - Oceans are dynamic! o Waves o Currents o El Nino-La Nina o Hurricanes o Tsunami o Tides o Global Warming - Huge energy transport- Oceans well-mixed - Variations in: o Temperature o Pressure o Salinity o Sunlight o Gases Earth is very dynamic planet -> lots of diverse physical environments Marine organisms are also very diverse and dynamic Connection = Adaptation! (Evolution) Physical factors that control form & function of Life: List at least 8! Three components of life: 1. Organic materials: - Fluids: mostly H2O, salt (Na + Cl), Fe, K, P - Gases: plants need CO2, animals need O2 - Tissues: mostly C, H, O, some Ca, Si, K, Fe, Mg 2. All organisms need energy: - Photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O Organic material + O2 (energy from sun!) - Respiration: Organic material + O2 CO2 + H2O (energy from food = also from sun!) - Chemosynthesis: CO2 + H2O + H2S Organic material + O2 (energy from earth’s heat) 3. Information required to assemble bodies and to function DNA is the blueprint for how organisms grow and function. Where did information originate? -> Big Bad Table showing main events in life and Earth history!These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Outline of Current Lecture: LECTURE 20 OUTLINE (Food Webs – 9 April) Overview of main events in the evolution of marine life (from handout) Summary of evolution: - Physical environment on Earth is continually changing - Organisms evolve in form & function to adapt to changes (= natural selection) Gradual change accommodated by slow evolution Rapid change drives extinction, followed by rapid evolution - Information acquired from ancestors stored in DNA, so successful traits are passed on Food Webs & Trophic Pyramid Primary producers (microscopic plants: phytoplankton) Primary consumers (vegetarians; e.g., krill) Secondary consumers (eat mostly animals) Top predator/Apex predator (eats everything!) Trophic levels (who you eat, who eats you; need to eat 10 pounds of food for every pound of you) Biomass needed for vegetarians/herbivores vs carnivoresCurrent
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