GEOS 212 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture LECTURE 18 OUTLINE (Tsunami, Tides, & Global Warming – 26 March)- Hurricane Movie Time: Patterns and hazards - Hurricane intensity through time: increasing, related to global warming?- Connections to El Nino / La Nina? - Tsunami caused by up/down movement of water, most commonly earthquakes in subduction zones! - 2004 Sumatra earthquake & tsunami - 2011 earthquake & tsunami in Japan- 1700 Tsunami along the coast of Oregon-Washington and California; Next One?- Hazardous aspects of tsunami: o Travel Fast (~500 mph in deep water!) o Hard to track in deep water; Need Early Warning System (most in Pacific) o Height builds in shallow water o Many waves o First one commonly a low (water recedes) o Largest one can be any one! o Earthquake that causes tsunami can be far away o Affects huge area or ocean margin o Rare, so people forget about hazards! - Tsunami from space impacts, volcanic eruptions - Tsunami heights for 2004 Indonesian EQ?- Evidence for large EQ/Tsunami in 1700 in Pacific NW of U.S. When will the next one happen?These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.TIDES = another dynamic process (actually a wave) that affects all oceans - Main force = gravitational pull from the moon (creates bulge in earth) - Smaller force = gravitational pull from the sun - Earth-Moon-Sun system creates 28 day cycle: Big range = spring tides = full moon & new moon Small range = neap tides = half moon Tide chart below for 28 days: spring/neap tides full/new/half moon phases, 2 Hi & 2 Lo tides perOutline of Current Lecture: LECTURE 19 OUTLINE (Intro to Marine Life – 7 April) Part 3 = Life in the Oceans = Controlled by processes in Part1 and Part 2: Part 1 = Solid Earth Processes: - Make/destroy ocean basins - Rocks/seds on ocean floor - Seawater Chemistry Part 2 = Atmosphere-Ocean Processes: - Oceans are dynamic! o Waves o Currents o El Nino-La Nina o Hurricanes o Tsunami o Tides o Global Warming - Huge energy transport- Oceans well-mixed - Variations in: o Temperature o Pressure o Salinity o Sunlight o Gases Earth is very dynamic planet -> lots of diverse physical environments Marine organisms are also very diverse and dynamic Connection = Adaptation! (Evolution) Physical factors that control form & function of Life: List at least 8! Three components of life: 1. Organic materials: - Fluids: mostly H2O, salt (Na + Cl), Fe, K, P - Gases: plants need CO2, animals need O2 - Tissues: mostly C, H, O, some Ca, Si, K, Fe, Mg 2. All organisms need energy: - Photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O Organic material + O2 (energy from sun!)- Respiration: Organic material + O2 CO2 + H2O (energy from food = also from sun!) - Chemosynthesis: CO2 + H2O + H2S Organic material + O2 (energy from earth’s heat) 3. Information required to assemble bodies and to function DNA is the blueprint for how organisms grow and function. Where did information originate? -> Big Bad Table showing main events in life and Earth history!Current
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