RST 100 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I Pervasive Forms of Popular Culture a Printed Media b Television c Theme Parks Outline of Current Lecture I How leisure is formed by culture and how leisure helps to form culture a What is culture b Leisure s cultural significance c Leisure during the earliest human cultures d The affect of modernization on a culture s leisure Current Lecture Anthropology The study of humans past and present The study of cultures Study how leisure and human societies are reciprocal forces o Cultures express through leisure What is Culture A set of traditions and beliefs shared by members of social group o What you need to know to get by in a different society o Culture may be expressed through leisure e g literature music sports television o Leisure expressions may be shaped by culture Language Etiquette Social Norms Moral and Values Religious Beliefs Culture is shared Values and standards of behavior are held in common by members of a social group These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Can predict how others are likely to act in given circumstances Culture is learned We learn our culture by growing up in it o Please and thank you Enculturation the process by which cultural understanding is transmitted to new members Although culture is related to geography it is not geographically bounded Within a given culture not everyone is the same Not everyone is the exact same Subcultures often exist within a dominant culture counterculture Cultural Change Change happens over time o Cultural changes passing notes to texting Sometimes slowly sometimes quickly Mechanisms for cultural change o Innovation Refers to any new practice tool or principle that gains widespread acceptance within a culture A car used public transportation Might visit farther away places Television more TV s than people Internet o Diffusion The spread borrowing of customs or practices from one culture to another Common accounts for 90 of any culture s content BUT people are choosy and pick only those things that are compatible with their existing culture o Adding different flavors different levels of sugar all depending on the area o Loss Change resulting in the loss of a cultural tradition Transition from radio to television etc Portuguese people don t take afternoon naps anymore value of relaxation o Acculturation Exchange of cultural features as a result of prolonged contact between different groups individuals Implies a mutual influence not just one culture in which elements of the two cultures mingle and merge o Quebec English and French signs o Fusion food o Thorbodian Cricket compared to English Cricket Includes specific dances and chants Possible Outcomes to the acculturation process Assimilation adopting the ways of the main culture Integration merging of cultures o Does not assume that unique cultural elements or identities should be lost Rejection denial and avoidance of those in another culture o Ethnic Boundary Maintenance o The Amish don t want to diffuse other cultures and only want to maintain their own culture Marginalization confining a group to an unimportant or powerless position o E g people w disabilities low income sexual minorities racial minorities Paleolithic People Paleolithic Era refers to the cultural period of the Stone Age o Lied in what is today Asia and Africa grouped together in small scale societies called bands o Had a lot of free time You do actually have a lot of free time if you are only getting the necessary food to survive The original leisure society o Worked less than today s standard The avg length of time each person spent per day collecting and preparing food was 3 4 hours o Had fewer material possessions to care for more free time Had less because traveled less More stuff you have more time and effort you have to maintain it o Spent time relaxing and socializing gathering food is very tiring and time consuming so had to rest during the day in order to maintain it completely unknown o Right to play help in under developed areas to help with sport Help HIV aids and other diseases and immunizations that are necessary Impact of Leisure Modernization the implementation of recent techniques methods or ideas o Leisure in modern societies is typically more commercial and sped up to the detriment of community family and social group o Focuses more on the individual and not on the community Efficiency important cultural value