RST 100 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. Core Plus Balance ModelII. Childhood and playIII. Adolescence and their leisurea. Physicalb. Socialc. Intellectuald. EmotionalIV. Adulthooda. Early Establishment Period (20-40 years)b. Middle Adulthood (40-65 years)c. Later Life (65 and over) Outline of Current Lecture I. Equity in leisureII. ConstraintsIII. Contact TheoryIV. SegregationV. Models of IntegrationCurrent LectureReading:- Predictions of much shorter work week o But standard of living has increased and therefore this has not happened- US white-collar workers work longer and more extreme hours than peers in just about any other advanced economy, save S. Korea & Japan - Usually people who work A LOT are looked at positively but other countries have a different perception on what is considered favorable - Vacation time – US only advanced economy with no national vacation policy – NOT MANDATED BY GOV’T o Compared to other countries – Example: France has like 30 days off, other countries 20-28 days offThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o We are one of the only countries that do not have national vacation policy – view of vacation time is lagging behind the world - Our current work model is “dangerous” because it does not inspire creativityo We do not inspire creativity due to the lack of free time and a playful state of mind to have the a-ha moments - It is in moments of leisure that civilization gets created o (Model of Aristotle and Plato) – need free time in order to govern effectively - A-ha moments occur during relaxed moments when individual is doing somethingbesides work - Neuroscience is finding that when we are idle in leisure, our brains are most active - Technology takes away time of A-ha moments due to not being able to have moments of pure free mental timeIs Leisure Fair?- Is leisure a right or a privilege? - Do people really have equal access and opportunities to leisure services? o Prohibited by such examples: money, location, transportation, disabilities, time to go to leisure services, age o People don’t really have equal access - Discrimination (unfair or prejudicial treatment) exists in all arenas, including RST- Video of Bike stealing – proves racial injustice is instilled in us Constraints- “ Any factor which precludes or limits an individual’s frequency, intensity, duration, or quality of participation in recreation activities”o Money, inability to do it in ways in which we wish to do it- Structural Constraintso Factors that intervene between preferences and participationo Preference and participation (constraints in between) Lack of money, time, opportunity - Intrapersonal Constraintso Psychological states that constrain leisure involvement – impact preferenceso Your own means wont let you do the said activityo Common examples include perception of abilities, personality, religious beliefs, socialization I don’t like risks or heights, my religion doesn’t allow that, fear of being with a ton of people, won’t knit because they are in a frat andwould never do that activity, body image – wont go to beach because their body is not prepared - Interpersonal Constraintso Result of social interaction with family, friends, and otherso This type of constraint may affect both preferences and participationo Result of social interactions with other people o Common example includes lack of support of activity  Whether your parents let you go somewhere, influence of your friends have over you, boy wants to do ballet but parents influence him that he is not supposed to dance to be a man, people support or do not support your actions Demographic Variations- Few constraints are experiences equally by absolutely everyone- No group is free from constraint – EVERYONE CONSTRAINED BY SOMETHING- But some are more constrained than others (based on sex, age, income, race, ability level, etc.)Contact Theory (not described in book but should know this)- The distance between the lives of people who are different creates misconceptions and ignorance o Not as attracted to people that are not entirely the same as us – therefore we don’t associate ourselves that much with these people and therefore lead to misconceptions and ignorance towards that specific person and segment of group o Examples: Muslims being terrorists, illegal immigrants not paying taxes, gay people hitting on you- Information gained through direct and long-term contact is more accurate and favorable - Conditions of Contact theory o Contact should…o Take place in a cooperative contexto Be sustained rather than episodico Allow for fairly equal statuso RST settings are ideal for this type of contact Sports, video games, watching football game, choir, club, going on a trip together - all conditions needed for these misconceptions togo away RST is a good environment to get rid of these misconceptions- But RST spaces can also be activities and spaces where people segregate…by race,religion, sex, disability, etc. o ARC and CRCE – basketball segregated Asian and everyone elseo Dining Hallso Churcho Chicago is segregated – great research ground for people who study leisureactivities in those specific communities – parks sometimes are segregated Racial and Ethnic Differences- Research has demonstrated that racial and ethnic groups often participate in different types of activities o Ping Pong – Asianso Basketball – Black Peopleo Skiing – White peopleo Backpacking – White people o Hockey – White people - Outdoor Activities – whites more likely to participate in hiking, backpacking than AAEthnicity, Race, and Leisure- Of the people projected to be added to the U.S. by 2015, 78% will come from increases in racial and ethnic minority populationsModels of Integration- Anglo-Conformity- minorities give up their unique cultural characteristics and adopt those of the dominant group (past) - Cultural-Pluralism- accommodate differences within a single sociopolitical system – celebrate differences (current)- Selective acculturation – adopt certain traits for economic reasons (language) but maintain other cultural values (leisure activities, food)- Ethnic boundary maintenance - promotes solidarity within own group, find ways to emphasize cultural differences between group and mainstream society