RST 100 1st Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture II. Defining LeisureIII. Three Definitions of Leisurea. Free Timeb. Recreational Activityc. State of MindIV. Central Determinants of Leisurea. Intrinsic Motivationb. Perceived FreedomV. Leisure v. Free TimeVI. Leisure ImportanceVII. Economic Value of LeisureVIII. Personal ValueOutline of Current Lecture I. I-Clicker QuestionII. HappinessIII. Life SatisfactionIV. UIUC Prof. Diener Satisfaction Scale V. Making ConnectionsVI. PlayVII. Theories of Playa. Defining Playb. Surplus Energy Theoryc. Recreation/Relaxation TheoryThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.d. Preparation/Practice Theorye. Psychoanalytic Theoryf. Cognitive TheoryVIII. Why do Adults Play?a. Sexual Selection Theoryb. Play for Adultsc. Play FramesCurrent LectureRST Lecture Notes (Jan 27th, 2015) Concepts related to Leisure – Chapter 2 Clicker question – Neulinger’s paradigm – perceived freedom, both intrinsic and extrinsicmotivation is present – then that would represent – Leisure Work Happiness- Simple concept that means so much- Incredible amount of attention given to this concept - So, what makes us happy?o Friends and Familyo Health o Varies from person to person o DNA – 40% estimated for happiness. Really?- Big misconceptions of happiness – money o Unless in poor countries of the world o Middle classes to upper class – doesn’t necessarily change the state of happiness of the individual Life Satisfaction- Happiness – is often linked to life satisfaction- If you are happy, you will have greater life satisfaction- Many life satisfaction scales UIUC Professor Diener’s Life Satisfaction Scale (not on exam)- In most ways my life is close to my ideal- The conditions of my life are excellent- I am satisfied with life- So far I have gotten the important things I want in life- If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing Making Connections- Several studies have focused on leisure’s role in happiness and life satisfaction- A link between leisure and happiness is the concept of LEISURE SATISFACTION – how satisfying our leisure experiences and are to usPlay - Pretend, make-believe, humor- Play associated primarily with children but adults do play, just in different manner- Natural for children, not as easy for adultsSurplus energy – theory of play that is a pressure valve trying to be releasedTheories of Play- Defining Playo Free choice – willingly choseno Suspension of reality – halt everyday reality  Football – can’t always barge into peopleo Positive affect See on your face that you are enjoying that moment o Process over product – enjoy what you’re doing over the overall result - the fun in it is the making, not primary goalo Internal locus of control  Outcome of situation is because of something you personal have done – not because of refs for example Blaming yourself o Active o Bound by rules - Why do we care?o Health o Business- Surplus Energy Theoryo Have extra energy that you need to take outo Kids at play- Recreation/Relaxation Theoryo To replenish energy for as yet unfamiliar cognitive activities o Thinking and all that – need to rejuvenate that energy into something that doesn’t take a lot of process- Preparation/Practice Theoryo To develop instincts related to survival o Animals play all the time – but the evolutionary value isn’t there why?o It’ll help them enable themselves to eventually create the skills to survive - Psychoanalytic Theoryo Play allows children to gain mastery of social and emotional situations by manipulating them in playo Allows people to work through emotions without the consequences of reallife If people are getting bullied – children play that that would never happen  Little kids can work through those scenarios without what could actually happen- Cognitive Theoryo Develop skills for problem solving Stage one: functional play – how things work - Ex: if you drop something on your foot it will hurt Stage two: symbolic play, construction play, and socio-dramatic play Stage three: Games with rules - Make rules and learning how to play with certain rules - Why do Adults Play?o Not to learn cognitive skills….If people continue to play when it is no longer functional it may be that playfulness is a personality traitPlayfulness reduces leisure boredom –make fun out of anythingGrandmother/Grandfather hypothesis – adults play to help children to play- Sexual Selection Theory of Playo Argues that playfulness as a trait has been passed down because playful people are more likely to attract a mateo Think for yourself where would playfulness fit among desirable characteristics such as intelligence, sense of humor, appearance? Play for Adults- For adults, it’s important to communicate the intention that “this is play”- Otherwise the action can be misinterpreted- “I am doing this but do not take it to mean what it normally means”- Don’t take it seriouslyPlay Frames- Clear that things will be play - Communicate clueso Indicating one’s play intentions- Wide eyes, exaggerated movements, tone of voice, context (clowns)- These “play frames” help us know that it is play- NOT needed for children – the inherently do it - Play Frames can be Fragileo They can break down and play can turn into conflict Joke can become an insult, a tease that hurts o Why? Weak interpersonal relationships Wrong things to joke about - Mothers - Race - Religion-