RST 100 1st Edition Final Exam Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 10Lecture 1 Intro to Leisure (January, 22nd)Introduction to the LeisureWhat is leisure?Why study leisure?What is Leisure?- It’s an interesting concept that means different things to peopleo Fun (ex: kids laugh 400 times a day, adults roughly 15)o Free time and choices o Play o Recreationo Sport - Leisure is most abstract term of Recreation and Sport BUT defined as three components:Free Time – free time from obligations (does not entirely mean that all free time is leisure – much of our free time is spent in doing homework, reading work emails, going to the bathroom, etc)Recreational Activity – non-work activities (can include sport and tourism)State of Mind – an attitude (can occur during work hours)(The most important thing to remember here is that it is entirely up to the individual whether an activity is considered leisure or not but there are different descriptions of what leisure is accounted to be!)Provides benefits that are critically important to life satisfaction- The reason why leisure tends to be so important in today’s world is because without leisure the joy of life is not prevalent- Allows us to have a full and rich life – improves out quality of life - Maintain relationships with others and be ourselves- Gives us time to be ourselves 2 central Determinants of Leisure- Intrinsic Motivationo Occurs when an activity is done SOLELY for its own sakeo Extrinsic Motivation – doing something for other reasons that just the activity itself (THIS IS NOT THE OTHER MOTIVATION)o For something to be leisure, has to have some element of intrinsic motivation- Perceived Freedomo Occurs when initiation of behavior is attributed to selfo You are FREE to choose whether to continue or discontinue without repercussions – decisions are ultimately made up to youEconomic Value of Leisure (Brief)- RST events/facilities have public relations valueo Demonstrate to residents that they live in a good community - Presence of RST events/facilities help communities attract businesses (economic value)Lecture 2 (Jan., 29th)What influences our leisure choices? There is no single answer for this. The reason why we make our choices are complex and numerousHow can we understand our leisure? Theories!!- The goal of a theory is to…o Summarize existing knowledgeo Provides explanation for observed eventso Predict future events o Group think (ex) – when involved in a large group, behavior may follow the norm Neulinger’s Paradigm – emphasizes “states of mind” leisure and non-leisure (why work can sometimes be enjoyable and leisure not – ever felt good doing your homework or being at the desk? Ever hated being at a party, even though it was supposed to be fun)Perceived Freedom is determining quality of the leisure states of mindOf secondary importance is motivation (intrinsic versus extrinsic) (For best image of this theory, go to textbook for reference in his actual paradigm)6 types of psychological states of mind- 3 leisure state of mindo Pure leisure (best possible leisure)o Leisure –work (extrinsic and intrinsic motivating)o Leisure – job (leisure state of mind but rewards are purely extrinsic, freely choose it but only for alternate reasons)- 3 non-leisure state of mindo Pure work (working but enjoy it)o Work-job (Both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards when at work)o Pure job (Just a job – just in it for the paycheck – just for the money, non-leisure state of mind)Serious Leisure – Stebbins –Serious leisure is the systematic pursuit of an activity, centered on acquiring and expressing its special skills, knowledge, and experiences(A great way to remember this is Professor Shinew’s friend who moved to work at a less prestigious university to water ski – couldn’t see life without water skiing and therefore had to make it a bigger part of her life) Participants that have serious leisure are usually have perseverance, usually make a significanteffort to perform activity like travel far, would not life without it, and are probably willing to spend a lot of money on the skill. May seem unreasonable to people that are just in casual leisure to be so intense inthis activity.Compensation and Spillover Theory – Wilensky – states that what people do for their leisure is influenced by their choices in workCompensation theory – leisure compensates for work, people participate in leisure activieties that satisfyneeds they CAN’T do at workSpillover theory – suggests work “spills over” into free time, workers participate in leisure activities that have characteristics similar to their job-related tasks Flow – Csikszentmihalyi – total immersion and involvement in an activity –work or leisure, become so involved in activity that nothing else seems to matter “being in the zone” theory o Characterized –  Loss of self-consciousness- Not as self aware or self conscious about what you’re doing Sense of complete self-control - Note or shots performed or executed will happen Altered state of time- Never realize how quickly the time passes o Conditions –  Balance between challenges and skills Intrinsically rewarding – doing it because we want to - Doesn’t have to be leisure, can be work Clear feedback  Flow is a good balance between anxiety and boredom – right about in the middle (diagram in lecture) – too much boredom – not challenged enough, too much challenge = anxiety - Perfect balance of skill and challengeLecture 3 Feb 3rdOptimal Level of Arousal – (NOT IN BOOK BUT NEED TO KNOW IT)Related to flow but more general – baseline – how aroused a person feels without exernal stimulation – like flow if we have too much stimuli we get anxiousWe try to match our leisure choices to our optimal level of arousalThere are two types of people – low arousal people, and high arousal peopleConnected to Tourism- Allocentric (definitions not in book, should know for exam)– tourists who try new things, don’tlike things being organized or planned and do not return to the same destination, adventurous - Midcentric – Tourists who go to places that have been popularized by the allocentrics, they are not as adventurous - Psychocentric – tourists who like things being planned and are afraid to take risks, often travel toplaces that are familiar Sensation Seeking Theory (Also not in book)- Marvin Zuckermann – why some people do some activities and some others