RST 100 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I. Pervasive Forms of Popular Culturea. Printed Mediab. Televisionc. Theme ParksOutline of Current Lecture I. How leisure is formed by culture and how leisure helps to form culturea. What is cultureb. Leisure’s cultural significancec. Leisure during the earliest human culturesd. The affect of modernization on a culture’s leisure Current LectureAnthropology- The study of humans, past, and present- The study of cultures- Study how leisure and human societies are reciprocal forceso Cultures express through leisureWhat is Culture?- A set of traditions and beliefs shared by members of social groupo What you need to know to get by in a different society o Culture may be expressed through leisure (e.g., literature, music, sports, television)o Leisure expressions may be shaped by culture  Language Etiquette Social Norms  Moral and Values Religious Beliefs Culture is shared:- Values and standards of behavior are held in common by members of a social group These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Can predict how others are likely to act in given circumstances Culture is learned:- We learn our culture by growing up in ito Please and thank you- Enculturation: the process by which cultural understanding is transmitted to new membersAlthough culture is related to geography, it is not geographically bounded. Within a given culture, not everyone is the same. (Not everyone is the exact same)Subcultures often exist within a dominant culture (counterculture)Cultural Change- Change happens over timeo Cultural changes, passing notes to texting- Sometimes slowly, sometimes quickly - Mechanisms for cultural changeo Innovation Refers to any new practice, tool or principle that gains widespread acceptance within a culture- A car – used public transportation. Might visit farther away places.- Television – more TV’s than people - Interneto Diffusion The spread /borrowing of customs or practices from one culture to another- Common, accounts for 90% of any culture’s content- BUT people are choosy and pick only those things that are compatible with their existing culture o Adding different flavors, different levels of sugar all depending on the area o Loss Change resulting in the loss of a cultural tradition- Transition from radio to television, etc.- Portuguese people don’t take afternoon naps anymore – value of relaxationo Acculturation  Exchange of cultural features as a result of prolonged contact between different groups, individuals- Implies a mutual influence (not just one culture) in which elements of the two cultures mingle and mergeo Quebec, English and French signso Fusion food o Thorbodian Cricket compared to English Cricket Includes specific dances and chants Possible Outcomes to the acculturation process- Assimilation : adopting the ways of the main culture- Integration : merging of cultureso Does not assume that unique cultural elements or identities should be lost- Rejection: denial and avoidance of those in another cultureo Ethnic Boundary Maintenance o The Amish – don’t want to diffuse other cultures and only want to maintain their own culture - Marginalization: confining a group to an unimportant or powerlesspositiono E.g., people w/ disabilities, low-income, sexual minorities, racial minorities Paleolithic People- Paleolithic Era: refers to the cultural period of the Stone Ageo Lied in what is today Asia and Africa grouped together in small scale societies called “bands”o Had a lot of free time  You do actually have a lot of free time if you are only getting the necessary food to survive- The original leisure society?o Worked less than today’s standard The avg. length of time each person spent per day collecting and preparing food was 3-4 hours o Had fewer material possessions to care for = more free time  Had less because traveled less More stuff you have, more time and effort you have to maintain ito Spent time relaxing and socializing – gathering food is very tiring and time consuming so had to rest during the day in order to maintain it (completely unknown)o Right to play – help in under developed areas to help with sport  Help HIV aids and other diseases and immunizations that are necessary Impact of Leisure- Modernization: the implementation of recent techniques, methods, or ideaso Leisure in modern societies is typically more commercial and sped up – to the detriment of community, family, and social group o Focuses more on the individual and not on the community Efficiency important cultural