Lecture 14Outline of previous lectureI. TaxonomyII. HolometabolousIII. Behavior and ecologyIV. Special Structures: legsV. CheotataxyVI. SuturesVII. WingsVIII. ImportanceOutline of current lectureI. CharacteristicsII. Anopheles spp.a. Anopheles quadrimaculatusb. Anopheles freeborniIII. Aedes spp.a. Aedes aegyptib. Aedes albopictusIV. Culex spp.a. Culex quinquefasciatusV. Psorophora spp.a. Psorphoa columbiaVI. Culiseta spp.Current lectureMosquitos:14 general and 176 in North America;genus (# of species)Anopheles (21)Aedes (81)Psorophora (13)Haemagogus (1)Tankaius (1)Culex (29)Deinocerites (3)Coquillettidia (1)Mansonia (2)Orthopodomyia (3)Wyeomyia (3)Uranotaenia (4)Toxorhynchites (2)Key (spot) characteristicsPalp length relative to proboscisBlunt or pointed abdomenScale morphologyMarking all over the bodyWhite/dark scale banding patternsoverall sizeeasy to ID to genusAnopheles spp.Papls as long as proboscisbutt in airOften with patterns on wingsAnopheles quadrimaculatusSouthern Malaria mosquitoMost important vector of Malaria in the USSouth Eastern USFeeds on large animal hostsPalps just as long as proboscisDark brown4 patches of dark scales on the wingsdrop eggs on surface of the waterfresh water ponds, lakes with vegetationeggs will float on surface of the waterlarvae lie horizontallyhatch 2-3 daysmost active in summerbegin blood feeding in spring and continue to Novemberprefer feeding on ruminants, equines, caninesmostly feed at night-shortly after darkAnopheles freeborniWestern malaria mosquitoWest coastCant handle desicationEggs float on surfaceHatch 2-3 daysHorizontalFeed on organic materialAssociated with plant coverDense vegetation in long term standing waterRice fieldsFemales-opportunistic feedersWill enter buildingsMost active at nightWill feed during day if they can find dark shadePrinciple vector of malaria in western USAedes spp.Pointed abdomenDark (W/ o w/o bands)Very diverseShort palpsAedes aegyptiYellow fever mosquitoDengue fever, yellowAssociated with humans and their environmentThroughout the worldMost common in tropical regionsOriginated in AfricaCame to New world in early 1900’s on exploration shipsFound inFlorida, Louisiana, TexasViolin thoraxAdults have 3 major formsDomestic-urban areas (homes)Sylvan form-feed on animalsperi-domestic-agriculture areasRelated toAedes albopictusAsian tiger mosquitoDengue fever , SLE (St. Louis), EEE (eastern equine enceptilycis) , LaCrosse, Cache Valley virusAdults-bold shiny scales-single stripeFemales can lay up to 5 clutches of eggsLays them in areas likely to become floodedDaytime feederCan vector chitiguniaRelated to bone break fever-cause massive pain boneAround cattle a lotCan withstand desiccation for a yearCan vector 30 known viruses*most common vector for dengue feverCulex spp.Blunt abdomenGolden scalesCulex pipiens complexHouse mosquitos of the USSt. Louis encephalitis, west Nile, Bancroftian filariasisFemales will hibernate in the winterHigh humid dark areaPut eggs in egg raftsPopulation peaks of mosquitos in early augustLarvaeStanding water with high organic contentStorm drainsPrimary vector of St. Louis EncephalitisCulex quinquefasciatusSothern house mosquitoSt. Louis encephalitis, West Nile, Bancroftian filariasisEggs layed in oval wraps100+ eggshatch within 24-30 hrsAdults will fly at night to nutrient rich areasWest nile-associated with birdsPsorophora spp.Pointed abdomenBig with fuzzy legsPsorphoa columbiaDark rice field mosquitoVEE (Venezuelan equine encephalitis)Can feed in large numbers on large animalsCan kill them just by feeding on their bloodBreed in agriculture areas-diches, rice fields etc.Culiseta spp.Large culexBlunt abdomenArpit hairsENTO 208 1st EditionLecture 14Outline of previous lecture I. Taxonomy II. Holometabolous III. Behavior and ecology IV. Special Structures: legsV. Cheotataxy VI. Sutures VII. Wings VIII. Importance Outline of current lecture I. Characteristics II. Anopheles spp.a. Anopheles quadrimaculatus b. Anopheles freeborni III. Aedes spp.a. Aedes aegypti b. Aedes albopictus IV. Culex spp. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Culex quinquefasciatus V. Psorophora spp.a. Psorphoa columbia VI. Culiseta spp. Current lecture  Mosquitos: - 14 general and 176 in North America;o genus (# of species) o Anopheles (21)o Aedes (81)o Psorophora (13)o Haemagogus (1)o Tankaius (1)o Culex (29) o Deinocerites (3)o Coquillettidia (1)o Mansonia (2)o Orthopodomyia (3)o Wyeomyia (3)o Uranotaenia (4)o Toxorhynchites (2) Key (spot) characteristics - Palp length relative to proboscis - Blunt or pointed abdomen - Scale morphologyo Marking all over the body - White/dark scale banding patterns - overall size - easy to ID to genus  Anopheles spp.- Papls as long as probosciso butt in air - Often with patterns on wings - Anopheles quadrimaculatus o Southern Malaria mosquito  Most important vector of Malaria in the US o South Eastern US o Feeds on large animal hosts o Palps just as long as proboscis o Dark brown o 4 patches of dark scales on the wingso drop eggs on surface of the water  fresh water ponds, lakes with vegetation  eggs will float on surface of the water  larvae lie horizontally  hatch 2-3 days o most active in summer o begin blood feeding in spring and continue to November  prefer feeding on ruminants, equines, canines  mostly feed at night-shortly after dark - Anopheles freeborni o Western malaria mosquito o West coast o Cant handle desication o Eggs float on surface  Hatch 2-3 days  Horizontal  Feed on organic material o Associated with plant cover  Dense vegetation in long term standing water  Rice fields o Females-opportunistic feederso Will enter buildings o Most active at night  Will feed during day if they can find dark shade o Principle vector of malaria in western US  Aedes spp.- Pointed abdomen- Dark (W/ o w/o bands)- Very diverse - Short palps - Aedes aegypti o Yellow fever mosquito o Dengue fever, yellow o Associated with humans and their environment o Throughout the world  Most common in tropical regionso Originated in Africa  Came to New world in early 1900’s on exploration shipso Found in Florida, Louisiana, Texas o Violin thoraxo Adults have 3 major forms Domestic-urban areas (homes) Sylvan form-feed on animals  peri-domestic-agriculture areas Related to - Aedes albopictus o Asian