GEO 155 1st Edition Lecture 18 Last Lecture Soil Distribution Outline of Current Lecture I Hydrology a What happens after precipitation reaches the ground b The Drainage Basin c Factors influencing infiltration vs overland flow Current Lecture When Precipitation Reaches the Ground Overland flow water flowing over the surface of land Infiltration water may enter the soil o It can then evaporate back into the atmosphere o It can then be taken up by the roots of plants and lost by transpiration of the leaves and then lost to the atmosphere o Throughflow It may move downhill parallel to the surface but underground o Groundwater It may move deeper below the surface until it reaches open spaces cracks and it would then occupy these spaces These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Water table water that penetrates to this level can join the groundwater which is the same level as the stream channels that lead to the ocean Note That Overland flow creates the fastest movement of water Throughflow is a slower movement of water Infiltration is the slowest movement of water Drainage Basin Any stream downhill has tributaries connecting various stream channels that all lead to the same channel Watershed Catchment Factors Influencing Infiltration and Overland Flow 1 Substrate the ground the precipitation falls on a Texture i Coarse favors infiltration ii Fine favors overland flow b Soil Depth i Shallow favors overland flow ii Deep favors infiltration 2 Topography a Steep slopes favor overland flow b Gentle slopes favor infiltration 3 Vegetation a Impedes overland flow b Protects from raindrop splash i Dense vegetation favors infiltration ii Sparse vegetation favors overland flow 4 Climate a Indirect impact i Vegetation ii Soil iii Frozen ground b Direct impact i Precipitation 1 Highly intense precipitation favors overland flow 2 Less intense precipitation favors infiltration ii Duration 1 Long duration favors overland flow 2 Short duration favors infiltration 5 Land Use a Logging takes away vegetation favors overland flow b Livestock takes away vegetation and compacts soil favors overland flow c Urbanization favors overland flow d Farming i Plowing 1 In straight rows downhill favors overland flow 2 Contour plowing across the hill favors infiltration
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