What is it?Electromagnetic WavesRadiation LawsWhat Happens to Solar Radiation?Energy BudgetTerrestrial RadiationEnergy BudgetAtmospheric RadiationEnergy BudgetGEO 155 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. Earth-Sun RelationshipOutline of Current Lecture II. RadiationA. What is it? III. Solar and Terrestrial Radiationa. Radiation Lawsb. What Happens to Solar Radiation?i. Energy Budgetc. Terrestrial Radiationi. Energy Budgetd. Atmospheric Radiationi. Energy BudgetCurrent LectureRadiationWhat is it?It is the transfer of energy without benefit of a mediumElectromagnetic WavesInfrared - 1 millimeter – 0.7 micrometersVisible Light – 0.4-0.7 micrometersUltraviolet – 0.1-0.4 micrometersGamma and X-Ray – less than 0.1 micrometersLong wave – greater than 4 micrometersShort wave – less than 4 micrometersThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Solar and Terrestrial RadiationRadiation Laws1. Hotter objects emit more radiationa. Sun – 5,500 degrees Celsiusb. Earth – 15 degrees Celsiusi. Solar emits 150,000 times the radiation per square meter than the Earth2. Hotter objects emit shorter wavelengths of radiationa. Sun peaks at 0.5 micrometersb. Earth’s terrestrial radiation – 10 micrometersWhat Happens to Solar Radiation?1. Absorption a. Heats the absorberb. Rare, except for the ozone, which absorbs ultraviolet2. Scattering Forward – refractiona. Deflection of radiationb. No heatingc. Diffuse radiation – allows us to see in the shade “blue light”3. Reflection – Scattering Backwarda. Albedo – percent of shortwave radiation reflectedi. COLOR – lighter the color, higher the albedo1. Clouds – greater than 50 percent 2. Snow – up to 95 percent3. Ground – 10-30 percent4. Water – 5-40 percent4. Reach Surface as Direct RadiationEnergy BudgetOn average, out of 100 units- 19 absorbed by the atmosphere- 26 reflected back to space by the atmosphere- 55 reaches surface (direct and diffuse)o 4 reflectedo 52 absorbedTerrestrial RadiationEarth absorbs sun’s shortwave radiation then emits longwave- Longwave then absorbed by “Greenhouse gases” – water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxidesEnergy BudgetOn average, out of 113 units- 107 absorbed in atmosphere (greenhouse gases) - 6 escape to spaceAtmospheric RadiationAtmosphere absorbs shortwaveWarms upEmits longwave to the EarthEnergy Budget- 92 units “counter radiation”- 64 units to spaceo 156 in
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