Linguis 101 1st Edition Lecture 15 Current Lecture Morphology 1 continued Derivational affixes vs Inflectional affixes Derivational Sometimes changes part of speech Changes meaning of word significantly There are lots of these and they may be prefixes or suffixes in English Ex caty unhappy baker Inflectional Never changes part of speech Adds grammatical information but does not change fundamental meaning English has only 8 and they re all suffixes Tense present past Aspect progressive perfect Nouns plural possessive Adjectives comparative superlative Ex cats happier baked A few cautions These words contain the morpheme cat o Caty cat friendly wildcat But what about these o Catalog catapult scatter Remember that a morpheme is the smallest unit of language that has a meaning Don t be confused by spelling The same morpheme can be spelled different ways in different wordy o Caty cattiness Also different morphemes may be homophonous pronounced the same but have different meaning o er one who performs the action teacher o er comparative faster don t assume that morphemes in other languages will have the same properties as English morphemes with the same meaning types of inflectional morphology nouns o numbers number morphology indicates the quantity of a noun e g singular or plural other languages may have a more complex system than English o gender indicates subclasses of nouns such as masculine and feminine o case indicates grammatical role of N subject object etc nominative subject accusative direct object dative indirect object locative location genitive possessor verbs o agreement a verb is marked to match inflectional properties of its subject and or object could be gender number person o tense gives information about the time of the event relative to the moment of speaking o aspect gives information about the structure of an event is it ongoing completed or repeated habitually Progressive ongoing event Perfective completed event o negation o modality o clause type
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