PUBH 3003 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. Surgeon General ReportsII. Age of onsetIII. Why do people smoke?IV. Nicotine delivery V. E-cigarettesa. Health risks Outline of Current Lecture I. How It works II. Symptoms and Effects a. Short termb. Long termIII. Laws and HistoryIV. Benefits of usea. Medical use V. Debate on Safety Current Lecture Societal Issue: Marijuana Marijuana – How it works THC from Marijuana is absorbed into the body- One cigarette allows for approx.. 10- to 20% of THC to be transferred - Pipe : 40 to 50%- Water pipe (‘bong’) 80-95%Approx. ½ of THC is still present 24 hours after smoking THC stays in fatty deposits of body (extremely fat soluble)- 30% may remain in body a full week later and may continue to affect mental and physical functionsSymptoms and EffectsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Symptoms: Generally relaxation ad elevation in mood. Then drowsiness and sedation. Increase in appetite. Subjective experience varies widelyEffects- Short term: o Increase heart rate, reduces heart’s pumping efficiency during exercise o Impairs judgment and complex coordination needed to drive car o Interferes with memory processing - Long Termo Decreased air flow of lungs o Effects on brain systems on controlling vision and regulate physical movement. Impaired learning and memory (especially on developing brains) o Suppression of production of reproductive system hormones o Lethal overdose is virtually impossible (however sometimes kids unknowingly eat and go into coma)Marijuana Usage- Most popular illicit drug among college students and general population o Nearly half of full time college students report using marijuana at least once in their lifetimeo Almost 1/3 report to have using it in the past yearo It produces a wide variety of effectso Likely the most controversial drug in society (debates around legalization and medical abuse)Minnesota Marijuana Laws - In effect July 2015 Minnesota’s law is the strictest in the nation- Imposes narrow restrictions upon what constitutes legal medical marijuana, where it may be obtained and who may legally use it - Will decriminalize only liquid and pill extracts of marijuana plants, not leaves- Only the form of the drug that may be smoked is vaporized plant extract- Even certified medical pot users cannot legally light up a joint in Minnesota- Only two medical marijuana operations in entire state and just 8 dispensaries Tolerance, Dependence and Withdrawal - Development of tolerance isn’t simple or clear cut- Some psychological dependence but even heavy users don’t seem to be dependent in ways users of other drugs do - Mild withdrawal, some irritability, restlessness, mild nausea and insomniaHistory of use - References to medical use in China approx. 4,000 years ago- Used to treat conditions such as: constipation, gout, malaria, rheumatism, depression, vomiting, insomnia, absent-mindedness, muscle and joint pain. In mid 1800s: treatment for gonorrhea and angina (chest pains related to heart disease), cholera, epilepsy, bronchitis, asthma, whooping cough - 1951: classified as a narcotic. 1970: schedule 1 drug- today: many statues have made medical marijuana legal, some making restricted use legal (Washington and Colorado first to pass this in Nov. 2012)Illegality - Schedule 1 drug (defined as drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse)- $ on apprehending, prosecuting, and imprisoning people on marijuana charges- Revenue from controlled cultivation, sale and taxation could be significant - How harmful or harmless is it?Benefits of use- Promote appetite (Cancer, Aids)- Decrease Nausea (Chemotherapy)- Potential anti- tumor activity (cancer)- Treatment for glaucoma (reducing pressure of fluid within the eye)- Multiple sclerosis and other disorders that produce impaired muscle control, seizures, chronic pain and migraine headaches (used as muscle relaxant and analgesics (pain relievers)) - However many studies do not show conclusive evidence of benefits Debate on safety of Marijuana continues but….- Little question about the safety issues of synthetic marijuana (spice, k2, fake weed, Yucatan fire, moon rocks, skunks, etc.)- Herbal mixtures with synthetic cannabinoids (chemicals that act similarly to THC in thebrain)- Chemical composition of these products is usually unknown- Symptoms include: agitation, vomiting, increased heart rate and blood pressure, tremors, seizures, hallucinations, paranoid behavior,