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U of M PUBH 3003 - Public Health

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PUBH 3003 1st Edition Lecture 22Outline of Last Lecture I. National Drug Control Strategy a. The science b. Administration’s 21st century drug policy II. HazeldenIII. Drug Rehabilitation, Alcohol Addiction treatmenta. Menb. Women c. Adolescents Outline of Current Lecture:I. Current Issues in substance abuse a. Alcoholi. Drinking ageII. Marijuana III. Synthetic drugs IV. Tobaccoa. Menthol Current Lecture:Current Issues in Substance Abuse:- Having taken this class and been grounded in both content and public health method are you ready to engage in discussion about current substance issues aso An individual who interacts with peers and familyo A member of the community of scholarso A member of a professional discipline Alcohol- Economic costs exceed $5 billion per year in Minnesota alone- Responsible for 1,257 deaths annually (mn)- Hospital – treated injuries related to this substance in Minnesota more than doubledo From 1,226 in 2000o To 17,505 in 2010- Minnesota has the 8th highest death rate in the nationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2015 Dietary guidelines- The dietary guidelines for Americans has been published every five years since 1980- The dietary guidelines for American encourages individuals to eat a healthy diet- one that focuses on foods and beverage that help achieve and maintain a healthy weight, promote health, and prevent chronic disease Palcohol- Powdered alcohol, apparently safer than liquid alcohol- Use palcohol for sneak drinking in football stadiums, movie theaters, etc.- Add it to food like “vodka on the eggs to start your day right in the morning”- You can snort it, and you will get drunk almost instantly - Five states have enacted some version of a ban on the sale of powdered alcohol as of March 2015- Six states have introduced legislation to regulate powdered alcohol in the same manner as other alcoholic productsSunday Sales - Nearly every legislation session, there is a bill to bring Sunday liquor sales to Minnesota- And it usually doesn’t make it out of committee - In 2013, when it was up for a vote on the house floor, it was voted down 106-21, while the senate version never made it to a full vote DWI- The number of drunken-driving incidents in Minnesota has sunk to its lowest level in 20 years in 2013- Minnesota had the highest percentage of repeat offenders with 41%Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES) Research- Studies of adults about traumatic childhood experiences- MN ACES study- 2011 BRFS of adultso 9 types od adverse childhood experiences and affect on adult healthTrauma Score- 7 ACES Questions1) Parents or guardians in jail or prison2) Alcohol abuse by someone you live with3) Drug abuse by someone you live with4) Parental verbal abuse of a child5) Physical abuse by a parent6) Witnessing domestic violence 7) Non- familial/ familial sexual abuse Why does trauma effect behavior?- ACES can affect long-term health, self concept, future orientation and economic achievement - Toxic stress interrupts normal brain and nervous system development - Tendency to internalize or externalize stress reactions, which can result in depression, anxiety or anger.- Complex trauma impairs children’s ability to:o Identify, express and manage emotionso Self-regulate Marijuana Wax, Butane Hash Oil, Honey Oil, Budder, Wax, Dabs, 710- THC extracted from Cannabis with butane (which is highly flammable leading to fires and explosions)- Potency can range between 30% and 90% THC- Violent crime enforcement teams across Minnesota are seeing an increase in Marijuana wax sales, use and manufacturing. A marijuana wax manufacturing operation in St. Cloud recently lead to the death of a woman after an explosion.From The Legalization of Marijuana in Colorado : The Impact (2014)- 2008-2012 : traffic fatalities in C.O decreased 14.8%- 2007-2012: traffic fatalities involving operators testing positive for marijuana increased 100%- 2011- 2013: Emergency room visits related to Marijuana increased by 57%Minnesota Congressional Districts - Service Areas:o Minneapoliso West Metroo Western, MNo Southern MN- Even Districtso St.Paulo Duluth and North East MNo South Metro and South East Mno St. Cloud and North and West Metro Extraction/ Refining Process - Drying - Cutting/shredding- Supercritical CO2 extraction - Refining – to isolate specific cannabinoids Extra components - Cannabinoidso 80 types of these 21-carbon molecules- Main Cannabinoidso THC – psychoactive. Analgesic, anti-nausea/ vomiting, moreo CBD (cannabinoid) – not psychoactive. - Teroeneso Aromatic compounds-give distinctive aromaso Pharmalogically active. Some evidence of synergistic action with cannabinoids, but much more study needed to define clinical role Product Composition- Different medical cannabis products in MN will be characterized by different ratios - Likely to range - The two manufacturers will each determine their product line, which could evolve more over time Steve’s Law- Allows certain medical personnel to authorize on emergency medical responder, policeofficer, or staff of a community-based program to administer opiate antagonists- Provides a level of civil and criminal immunity or mitigation for individuals who administer the opiate antagonist and those who call for medical help- 24 reversals since late November to early MarchNeonatal abstinence Syndrome- Maternal opiod exposure nearly double in Minnesota from-o 8.8 cases per 1,000 live births in 2009o 15.9 cases per live births in 2012- Minnesota 2013o 348 infants were identified as opioid exposedo Initial hospital claims for the 348 infants totaled $10,484,000o The average length of a neonatal care unit stay for the infants were 15 daysSynthetic Drugs- In the past 4 years more than 300 novel psychoactive substances (NPS) identified- Unknown ingredients, unknown toxicities - No known dosages, variable amounts per dose- New designer drugs are often more potent- Synergistic effects likely when mixed with other drugs or alcohol- Sold as “not for human consumption” to avoid regulation- Federal Analogue Act (1986)Menthol- Almost a quarter of African Americans are current smokers compared to 13% of adults statewide- Of the African American smokers,the vast majority smoke menthol- Menthol smokers are more likely to make an attempt to quit, but are less likely to be successful - Publicly available


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