Biol 152 1st Edition Lecture 12Current LectureI. Deuterostome AnimalsA. The blastopore develops into an anus instead of a mouthB. The mouth forms after the development of the anusC. Divide into 4 phyla1. Echinodermataa. Sea stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbersb. most reproduce sexuallyc. Radially as adults and bilaterally symmetrical as larvae2. Chaetognathaa. Arrow worms b. A post anal tail3. Hemichordataa. Acorn worms b. Gill slits c. Dorsal nerve cord 4. Chordataa. Alee exhibit four common characteristics at some point during their developmenti. Notochord- a flexible rod running along the dorsal surfaceii. Dorsal Hollow nerve cord- Between the notochord and the surface of the back, it contains nervous tissueiii. Pharyngeal Gill Slits- Openings in the side of the bodyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iv. Postanal tail- Tail that extends beyond the anusD. Chordates are divided into 3 subphyla1. Tunicata2. Cephalochordata3. VertebrataE. 2 features distinguish vertebrates from other chordates1. A segmented vertebral column made of vertebrae2. A head with a skull and brainF. Classes 1. Placodermaa. Now extinct 2. Agnathaa. A Sea lamprey 3. Chondrichthyaa. Sharks 4. Osteichthyaa. Ray finned fishes 5. Amphiblaa. Most life begins at fertilization in waterb. Tadpole undergoes metamorphosis to become a terrestrial adultc. Thin, moist skind. No claws on toes e. Three chambered heart f. Rely of water for reproduction g. Ectothermic- unable to control internal temperature h. Born with 2 chambered heart, grow into 3 chambered heart6. Reptiliaa. Scales (water loss), claws (obtaining food & protection), three chambered heart (except crocodilians)b. No larvae stage c. Ectothermici. Adaptations for terrestrial lifeii. A watertight skiniii. Efficient kidneys for water concervation iv. Well adapted walking limbs7. Avesa. Birds b. 3 features- Feathers, flight, and endothermyc. Preening- waterproofing by using beak to rub oil into feathers from tail gland 8. Mammaliaa. Milk producing mammary glands b. Hairs c. Two sets of teeth G. Adaptions for vertebrates to live on land1. They needed to obtain and conserve water in a dry environment 2. They needed to extract oxygen from air rather than water3. Strong skeleton for body