BIOL 152 1st Edition Lecture 3Organic EvolutionSectionsI. Organic EvolutionA. Is Prebiotic Synthesis Plausible?1. Adenine can easily form formed from hydrogen cyanide2. An activated product of adenine is ATP3. Nucleic acids, polypeptides and polysaccharides in solution will spontaneously concentrate into coacervates.4. Enzymes cause coacervates to act like tiny cellsa. Proteinoids also form tiny spheres termed microspheres B. How did the first genetic system evolve?1. For evolution, early protobionts would need a way of storing info for enzyme production2. Scientists believe the RNA served as the “original genetic material”a. Some RNA can spontaneously create and replicate itself in a test tubeb. Certain kinds of RNA can act as enzymes (ribozymes)c. RNA is capable of storing informationC. Could RNA have served as the original genetic material?1. A true first cell would have to contain These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2.1) A boundary• 2) Enzymes• 3) Energy storage in ATP• 4) RNA specifying enzyme structure• 5) RNA replication• 6) Identification of each amino acid by a triplet codon• 7) tRNA’s to construct proteinD. First cells were heterotrophs 1. Glycolysis and fermentation were used for energy extraction 2. The evolution of photosynthesis was a huge advancement in the evolution of life on Earth.3. The evolution of photosynthesis drastically changed the Earth’s atmospherea. Oxygen is a very reactive oxidant that easily destroys many organic molecules4. The availability of oxygen allowed the evolution of new heterotrophs that could use oxygen to break down organic molecules.a. This was called the evolution of aerobic respirationE. Cell Evolution1. Prokaryotic cells represent the first cells a. Theory’s show Eukaryotic cells aggregated form prokaryotesb. Eventually the 2 merged to become a Eukaryote 2. Eukaryotic evolved from prokaryotica. Eukaryotic cells are structurally much more developedF. Symbiosis1. Definition- interactions between 2 different organisms living in a close physical association a. EX. Plant-plantb. Plant-Fungic. Animal-Animald. Animal-plant2. Theory of Endosymbiosis a. Mitochondria and chloroplast are the result of years of evolution initiated by the endocytosis of bacteria and blue green algae which becomes symbiotic.3. Antibiotics block protein synthesis in bacteriaa. They do not interfere with protein synthesis in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotes. 4. Factors against the theorya. Mitochondria and chloroplast only code for a few proteins b. Most proteins found in organelles are coded for by the nuclear DNAc. Mitochondria and chloroplasts unable to live on their own when isolated from the eukaryotic