Biol 152 1st Edition Lecture 10Current LectureI. Animal kingdomA. Number of species1. 10-20 million to 100 to 200 million B. What is an animal 1. Animals are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, multicellular organisms that develop from an embryo 2. Have two unique cell typesa. Nerve cells for impulse b. Muscle cells for movement 3. Levels of organization a. Cellsb. Tissues c. Organsd. Systemse. Individual f. Populationg. Communityh. Ecosystems i. BiosphereC. Kingdom Animalia 1. Eumetazoa a. Includes almost all of the named animal species 2. Parazoa a. Include the sponges(the simplest animals)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.D. Animal Classification1. Body symmetrya. Radial symmetry- Jellyfish and sea anemones (have 4 identical parts)b. Bilateral symmetry- An anterior and posterior end (have 2 identical parts)2. Embryonic development 3. Internal cavities a. Acoelomates b. Pseudocoelomates c. CoelomatesE. Layers of blastula 1. Ectoderm- Gives rise to skin sense organs and nervous system2. Mesoderm- Gives rise to muscle, skeleton, and connective tissue3. Endoderm- Gives rise to the intestines and other digestive organs F. Advantages of having a coelom1. Prevents muscle inference with digestive? Circulatory system2. Hydrostatic skeleton for muscle to work 3. Protected space for production of sperm and ova G. Subkingdom Parazoa1. (sponges) no true tissues, cooperative, specialized cells onlyH. Subkingdom Eumetazoa 1. All other animal phyla2. Cells are specialized and interdependent 3. Cells are coordinated in function4. Tissues develop through a process of layering during embryogenyI. Coelomates 1. Protostomes- mouth develops first from the blastopore (snails, earthworms) 2. Deuterostomes- Anus develops first from the blastopore and mouth forms second (humans)II. ProtostomesA. Phylum Cnidaria1. Hydroids, jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones2. 2 basic body plansa. Polyps- cylindrical in shape b. Meusae- free flowing, mouth and tentacles point downward B. Phylum Ctenophora 1. (Comb jellies) contain comb like cilia in bands along their bodies for movement 2. Contain paired tentacles C. Bilaterally symmetrical acoelomates 1. Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)a. 3 body layers b. Digestive, feeding, reproductive structures and a brainc. System controlling water balance d. Single opening that serves as both the mouth and anus e. Lack a circulatory system and rely on diffusion for nutrients, gas and waste transfer throughout the body 2. Types of Platyhelminthes a. Turbellaria (free living flatworms) – reproduce sexually or asexually, contain simple nervous system b. Trematoda (flukes)- hermaphroditic parasitic flukes that attach to their host by a hook or suckerc. Cestoda (tapeworms)- lack a digestive system and live in the gut of host and absorb nutrients 3. Phylum Nemertea (ribbon Worms)a. Free living with flat bodies and contain a circulatory system and a digestive tract with 2