BIOL 152 1st Edition Lecture 13I. DeuterostomesA. Class Aves 1. Birds 2. 3 features distinguish birds from reptiles a. Feathersi. Down feathersii. Contours b. Flighti. Hollow bonesii. Lack of teeth iii. Respiratory systemiv. Digestive system c. Endothermy3. Wingsa. Modified of front limbsb. Powerful flight4. 4 Chambered heart 5. Digestive systema. Must consume large amounts of food for energy b. Swallow stones to help grind up food 6. Respiratory systema. Air sacs holding area for oxygenated air 7. Reproductiona. Internal fertilization8. Legs These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Mostly skin, bone and tendons2. Adapted for gripping prey B. Class Mammalia 1. Milk producing mammary glands (aid for offspring)2. Hairs ( aid in heat conservation)3. 2 sets of teeth (baby and adult) 4. Traits a. Hair i. Provides insulation and waterproofing ii. Some camouflage iii. Evolved from scales b. Endotherm (fast paced metabolism)c. Nurse offspringi. Small animals have large litters with short term nursingii. Large animals have small litters with long nursing periods d. Single jaw bone e. 3 middle ear bonesf. Respiration and circulationi. Diaphragm expands and contracts the chest cavity ii. 4 chambered heart g. Teethi. Diet determines shape ii. Used as tools 5. 3 subclasses of mammals1. Protheriansa. Endotherms with hair and mammary glands b. Lay eggs that are similar to reptiles and birds 2. Metatheriansa. Emerge from the uterus as fetuses and continue their development within the mothers pouch b. Kangaroo and koala 3. Eutherians a. Most common mammal including elephants, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs ,humansb. Development in placental mammals takes place within the uterus of the mother4. All differ with distinct skulls teeth and reproduction II. Plant diversity A. Characteristics 1. Multicellular photosynthetic organisms that develop from embryos2. Evolved from common ancestor like green algaea. Charophycean, closest algal relatives of the plant kingdom3. Alternation of generationsB. Origin of land plants1. Plants evolved from Charophycean over 500 million years ago2. Advantagesa. More light for photosynthesis b. More carbon dioxide c. More reliable source of nutrition 3. Disadvantagesa. Greater water lossb. Water not readily available for fertilizationc. No support structure for organism4. Solutionsa. Waxy cuticle (reduce water loss)b. Greater absorptive capacity (water and mineral nutrients)c. Enclosed structured. Vascular tissue developed 5. Groups of land plants a. Vascular tissue 1. Allow plants to grow taller 2. More support 3. Pull water from the soil b. Transport tissue1. Xylem carries water up from the roots to the leaves 2. Phloem carries a sugary solution throughout the plant c. Non