PSYCH 350 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. Realistic Conflict theoryII. Relative deprivationIII. How to undo prejudice & discriminationIV. Contact hypothesisOutline of Current Lecture I. Attitudesa. Ab. Bc. CII. Measuring attitudesIII. AttitudesbehaviorsIV. 3 factors of TPBV. BehaviorsattitudesCurrent Lecture -AttitudesoPositive, negative, or mixed reactions to people, objects, ideasoWhy have attitudes?-Purpose: efficiency -Problem: close-minded, biased, stereotypeoABCs of Attitudes: 3 components of attitudes-"A" of attitudesoAffective componentoFeelings and beliefsoSeveral sources:-Values: moral beliefs; e.g., a person who doesn’t believe in eating animalproducts-Sensory experience: e.g., pleasant taste of food-Conditioning: process of learning; e.g., conditioned taste aversion-"B" of attitudesoBehaviors toward someone or somethingoInferring attitudes from our own behaviors toward something -Recall Self-perception theory: when internal cues are difficult to interpret, we gain self-insight by observing our own behaviorThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-"How much do you like exercising?"..."I guess I like it, I seem to go to the gym regularly." (behaviorally based attitude)oThis happens when:-Attitudes are weak or ambiguous-If a strong attitude, no need to rely on behaviors to explain-No other explanation for behavior-If there's an obvious reason, no need to rely on behaviors to explain-"C" of attitudesoCognitive aspect of attitudesoThoughts and beliefs about attitude object-Looking for a car--analyze different aspects of the caroPurpose of this is to perform a mental pros/cons analysis-Measuring attitudesoSelf-report measures-Problem: social desirability biasoBogus pipeline: phony lie-detector device to elicit truthfully-reported attitudes-Elicits more accurate self-report dataoFacial EMG-Mini-smiles = + attitudes; mini-frowns = - attitudesoImplicit attitude test (IAT): covert measure of attitudes-Measures reaction time. Attitude congruent stimuli are responded to faster than attitude incongruent stimuli-Attitudes--->BehaviorsoMinimal social influence-Less social influence, more accurate self-reported attitudesoPrinciples of aggregation-Averaging behaviors across time and situations; yields a more accurate picture of a person's attitudesoStrength of attitude-Stronger attitudes more directly predict behavioroTheory of planned behavior: when people have time to contemplate how they are going to behave; the best predictor is their intention-3 factors -3 factors of TPBoSpecific attitudes-Intention-BehavioroSocial norms-Intention-BehavioroControl-Intention-Behavior-Behaviors--->AttitudesoAttitudes are a weak predictor of behavior oRoles: set of norms that define how to behaveoRoles- the part that each person plays-affects attitudes-Stanford Prison