PSYCH 350 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. Kelley’s Covariation theoryII. Fundamental attribution errorIII. Gilbert & Malone’s 2 step process of making attributionsIV. Integrating informationa. Info integration theory V. Social perception: a reviewOutline of Current Lecture I. HeuristicsII. Availability heuristic III. Representativeness heuristic a. Conjunction fallacy IV. Base-rate fallacyCurrent Lecture -Heuristics oMental shortcuts that increase cognitive efficiency, but at the expense of accuracy Rather be quick in thinking (no effort), by doing that we lose that accuracy -Availability Heuristic oEstimating the likelihood of an event based on the ease with which instances of it are "available" in memory Events that come to mind more easily are believed to be more likely or prevalentthan they actually arePeople are influenced by salience of events as opposed to their numerical frequency Plane crash news reporters jump on it immediately because its so sensational so its easy for us to remember "just luck you haven't died in a plane crash"EXAMPLEConsidering certain pairs of death Much more likely to lie of lung cancer than in vehicle accident More likely to die from flames & fire than tuberculosis More likely to dies of homicide rather than emphysema ** we underestimate the things that are more common and overestimate the things that are less commonThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Often afraid of flying b/c they think plane crashes happen more than driving (untrue) -Representativeness HeuristicoA tendency to see someone or something as belonging to a particular group or category by evaluating how similar this object is to a typical object in that categoryoConjunction fallacy When relying on representativeness, the error of believing that the likelihood of two events occurring together is greater than each event occurring separately EXAMPLE: -Base-rate fallacyoWhen relying on both availability, and representativeness, the tendency to ignore the relative frequency which an event occursEmpirical researchPsychologists administered personality tests to 30 engineers and 70 lawyers. What is likelihood that the description is true.Jack engineer 30% (30 engineers interviewed)80% said they thought Jack was engineer50% said they thought Dick was an