GC 170 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture II The Global Energy Budget a Air Temperature b Incoming Outgoing radation III Global Heat Transfer a Atmospheric circulation i Hadley Cell circulation b Convergence divergence c Polar front zone d Jet stream e Upper atmospheric change IV Ocean circulation a Gyre i Surface winds ii Coriolis effect Outline of Current Lecture I Overall Temperature change a La Nina b Normal c El Nino II Surface winds III Relationship of surface temp a Warm surface b Cold surface c Process of convection and precipitation IV East to west direction of surface winds These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute V El Nino a Climate impacts b Pattern of circulation and sea surface temps VI La Nina a Climate impacts b Pattern of atmospheric circulation Current Lecture El Nino La Nina I II III IV Deviation from normal atmospheric circulation which changes the pattern of sea surface temperatures along the equator a La Nina 2 b Normal circulation 1 c El Nino 3 i Breakdown of normal atmospheric circulation ii No east to west winds 1 Reverse direction iii Warm water spreads to coast of south America Surface winds drive ocean currents from east to west a Divergence winds and surface currents move water away from coast and cold water rises to replace warm water Relationship of surface temp and air pressure a Warm surface warm air is less dense rises i Region of low pressure b Cold surface cold air is more dense stays at surface i Region of high pressure c Process of convection and precipitation i Warm moist air is less dense and rises ii Air cools and condenses with height in atmosphere releases heat iii Condensation and cloud formation rainfall iv Cold water high pressure no rainfall v Cold water No rainfall vi Warm water rainfall d East to west direction of surface winds i Warm water accumulates in Australia Indonesia ii Convection uplift over west pacific rainfall El Nino El Nino Southern Oscillation ENSO Means Christchild in Spanish a Pattern of circulation sea surface temp V i Breakdown of surface winds warm water moves east ii Uplift precipitation occur close to coast of South America iii Heavy rainfall and storms in Peru Ecuador iv Increased winter rainfall in Southern America b Climate impacts i More precipitation in southwest US S America ii Flooding in S America southwest US iii Reduced area of warm water over western pacific Droughts in Australia c When does it happen i 2 10 years ii Cover the fall of one year and spring of next La Nina a Enhanced pattern of atmospheric circulation i Surface winds become stronger ii More warm water in western pacific iii Increased upwelling and larger area of cold water iv Climate becomes drier b Climate impacts i More drought in southwest and south America ii Increased rainfall in Australia Indonesia
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