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UA GC 170A1 - Fossil Fuels
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GC170 1st Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I. Energy Budget and phase changesa. Incoming/outgoing energyi. Reflected/Absorbedb. Greenhouse gasesi. Warmer Tempii. Melting Ice capsc. Convection in atmosphereII. States of mattera. Warmcoldb. ColdwarmIII. Definition of Latent Heata. Example of dry desertOutline of Current Lecture II. Where are Greenhouses coming from?a. CO2b. CH4 & N2OIII. What are fossil fuels?a. Coal, oil, natural gasb. USAIV. What will happen in the future?a. GCMb. Storylinesi. A1ii. A2iii. B1Current LectureWhere are Greenhouse Gases coming from?- CO2 o Burning of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas and oil)o Sectors that contribute most to CO2 emissions IndustryThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Transportation Electricity generation- CH4 (Methane) & Nitrous Oxide (N2O)o Methane mostly comes from cattle and rice cultivation o N2O mostly comes from fertilizers o Increases in these have been modest in past few decadesWhat are Fossil Fuels?- Coal, oil, natural gaso Plant matter buried and compressed into rocks millions of years agoo Oil and natural gas are liquids and stored within sedimentary rocks beneath surface o Coal is compressed plant matter that is solid rock- The United States gets 81% of energy from fossil fuels, a little bit from renewable resourceso Cheapo Demand always increasingWhat will happen in the future?- Global climate models (GCM) simulate future temperatures based on CO2 emissionso As well as atmosphere and energy budgeto Can reproduce the influence of human (fossil fuels) and natural (volcanoes, sunspots) forcings on temperatureo Separate out the influence of the humans (fossil fuels), GCM’s model the temperature without fossil fuel emissions Represented by blue line No increasing trend in the temperature without the influence of humans- GCMo Simulate the components of the energy budget and atmosphereo Change CO2 concentrations and surface propertieso = predict temperatures- Researchers have developed storylines of future CO2 emissions based on several factorso Population growtho Economic growtho Technological advanceso Political boundarieso Depends on the balance of all of the factorso Storylines A1: - Increasing global economy - Rapid economic growth - New technologies available - Peak in population at 2050- A1B (Middle of the road): Mix of fossil fuel and investment in alternative energyo Global economy (people working together) with some focus on the environment  Mix of fossil fuel and renewable energies Moderate CO2 emissions Rise by 3 degrees by end of century A2: - More political boundaries no environmental solutions (people not working together) o Greatest CO2 emissions o ‘Business as usual’ (meaning nothing is done)o Greatest temperature increase B1:- Best for the environment global economy (people working together) o Focus on technological advances and reductions in CO2 emissionso Lowest temperature increase “Safe” temperature of 2 degrees - Where will the warming be most severe?o At the


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UA GC 170A1 - Fossil Fuels

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