GC 170 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. Quantifying Global Changea. Global Change scienceII. Time Plot Seriesa. Describing a time plot Outline of Current Lecture II. Greenhouse gasesA. Definition of greenhouse gasesB. The sunC. Goldilocks principlea. The earth is the perfect location, CO2III. Electromagnetic radiationa. Wavelengthb. Frequencyc. Electromagnetic SpectrumIV. Forms of Energya. Definition of energyb. Potentialc. Kineticd. Thermale. ElectromagneticV. Fluxa. Definition of FluxCurrent LectureI. Greenhouse gasesa. Def: Gases in the lower atmosphere that trap outgoing longwave radiationb. The sun is a heat source1. Emits shortwave radiationii. Heating the earth: 1. Electromagnetic radiation a. Transmitted as waves and particle streamsi. Electric and Magnetic propertiesii. Speed of light2.iii. Earth-sun relationships (flux and inverse distance law) iv. Reflectivity of the earth surface (albedo, energy budget) These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. (After test 1)v. Greenhouse effect (greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere)c. The Goldilocks Principlei. We are the only habitable planet that we know ofii. Why is the earth just right?iii. Partially based on earth-sun distance1. Mostly based on CO2 atmospherea. Venus 96% thickb. Earth 0.03% moderatec. 95% thin2. Greenhouse gases keep us warm3. Earth has oxygenII. Electromagnetic radiationa. Energy is transmitted as waves and particlesi. Both the sun and earth transmit energy as electromagnetic radiation1. Sun- short wave2. Earth- long waveb. Electromagnetic spectrumi.1. "Energy: The Driver of Climate." Climate Science Investigations South Florida -. Web. 25 Jan. 2015.2. Shorter wave lengths: X-rays, PET imaging, Baggage screen3. UV rays: suntan, nightvision, screening in airports, mobile phones, wireless data, microwaves4. Long waves: ultrasound, sound wavesc. Everything like radio, x-rays, phones depend on electromagnetic wavesi. Frequency of waves is measured in hz (hertz)d. Wavelength= distance between wave crestse. Frequency= number of wave crests passing a fixed point/seci. The longer the wavelength—the lower the frequency & lower energyf. Intensity of radiation increases with the decrease of wavelengthg. Photonsi. A particle-like unit of electromagnetic energy = the smallest unit of electromagnetic energyIII. Forms of energya. Energy: what we need to complete physical actionsi. Ability to move, heatii. Measures the capability to create change or do work (move, heat)iii. Objects possess energyiv. Energy cannot be destroyed but it can change from one form to another1. Thermal can be transferred between objectsb. Potential energyi. Energy of an object that could be doing something but is notc. Kinetic energyi. Energy of movement, the ability of an object to do work because it is in movementd. Thermal or heat energyi. Volume of air within moving particlesii. Microscopic iii. Result of kinetic energye. Electromagnetic energyIV. Fluxa. Def: amount of energy (# of photons) that passes a perpendicular surface per unit areai. Intensity of radiation covering one areab. Measured in watts/meters2 c. The poles of the earth receive less radiation compared to the