BCOR 12 1nd Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I Eukaryotic Kingdoms II Animal Shared Derived Characters III 3 Main Groups of Animals and the simple Phylogenetic Tree IV Animal Body Plans V Bilaterians VI 5 Points Agreement of Animal Phylogenetics Outline of Current Lecture I Major Parts of Biodiversity II Most Basal Animals III Sponges IV Cnidarians V Types of Animals VI Bilaterian Animals Adaptations VII Lophotrophozoans VIII Mollusks IX Annelids Current Lecture Major Parts of Biodiversity What to think about on the next test These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute I II What are the evolutionary relationships of the organism What are shared derived characters that were underscored in class a Any characters that Dr Hill didn t go over will not be seen on the exam How are these characters adaptations III The Most Basal Animals are Sponges Jellys Acoel flatworms Placozoans Comb jelly Sponges Here are some facts about the most basal animal Lack true tissues Are suspension feeders Separated into two phyla Calcavea and Silicea They root down and live in one place their whole life They feed through choanocyte cells o Which look very similar to choanoflagelletes Eumetazoans animals with true tissues Metazoans animals Cnidarians Most ancient of all Eumetazoans Live a diploblastic life and therefore develop an ectoderm and endoderm ALL are predators and capture their prey with tentacles and digest food in a gastric cavity Tentacles stun the prey and capture it Corals cnidarians Cnidarian Life Stages Polyp a sessile cylindrical form and adhere to a substrate waiting for prey Medusa the floating flattened mouth down version o Has muscles to move Cnidarians can be solely polyp or solely medusa all their life or alternate from one to the other during adult development Types of Animals Protosome mouth first meaning the mouth of the animal forms from the blastopore the opening that forms during gastrulation Deuterosome mouth second the mouth forms after the anus o Deuterosome development is much more complex and leads to a more complex organized organisms due to the three germ layers Lophotrochozaons Ecdysoans some protosomic clades Bilaterian Animals their Adaptations All of the following adaptations are due to the development of complex organs Locomotion Feeding Behavior Gas exchange Reproduction Bilaterian Clades I II III Lophotrochozoans Ecdysoans Deuterostomes Lophotrochozoans Has the most diverse range of animal body forms and make up half of the animal phyla Two Major Groups Mollusks ranges from snails squid mostly marine species Annelid Worms segmented bodied worms I II Mollusks Has basic body plan Shared derived characters include Soft Body Hard shell which can be internal New organs we see in mollusks Heart Coelem Nerves Intestines Radula a scraping apparatus that helps grab and eat food a TRUE radula is unique to mollusks only Mantle secretes a shell Different Clades of Mollusks I II III IV Chitons Bivalves Gastropods Cephalopods squids octopuses developed complex eyes Annelid Worms Shared Derived Characters include Segmented body Coelem fluid filled body cavity that cushions vital organs Nerve cord brain like cerebral ganglia Closed circulatory system Chaetae aids in motion Have highly specialized organs Well developed muscle and nervous tissues Because Bilaterians have three germ layers they are able to develop such specialized organs