BCOR 12 1st Edition Lecture 14Outline of Last Lecture I. Lecture 12 Quick Review - nonvascular vs. vascular II. Seedless Vascular PlantsIII. Shared Derived Characters of Vascular PlantsIV. CHAPTER 30 – Vascular Plants with SeedsV. Key Adaptations of Seed PlantsVI. Major Trends of Land Plant EvolutionsVII. Seed ComponentsVIII. Types of GymnospermsOutline of Current Lecture I. Human Welfare & PlantsII. Seed plant reproduction vs. Spore-dispersing plantsIII. Life Cycle of GymnospermIV. Shared Derived Characters of AngiospermsV. Structure of Idealized FlowerVI. Flower  FruitCurrent LectureHuman Welfare & Plants- Human welfare depends on seed plans for medicine, oxygen, food and many other things- About 25% of ALL U.S. prescription drugs come from seed plants- Modern pharmacology depends on seed plants- Plants are just naturally awesome chemistsSeed Plant Reproduction vs. Spore-dispersing PlantsI. Pollen and Pollination allows fertilization to occur without sperm being exposed to external environment and does not require water in order to reach the ovuleThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. An ovule, when fertilized, develops in to a seed which is adapted for dispersalIII. The gametophyte is reduced to the size of a few cells and depends on the parent sporophyte for nutrition- Seeds enclosed in a cone = gymnosperm- Seeds enclosed in a fruit = angiospermLife Cycle of a Gymnosperm- Male cones release pollen – let out pollen to the wind- Female cones contain ovules and receive pollen- Old female cones (mature ovaries) contain seeds - Heterospory: two spores are created and one develops into the female gametophyte andthe other into the male gametophyte - Meiosis occurs to create microspores and megaspores which develop into the male and female gametophytesShared Derived Characters of AngiospermsI. FlowersII. Double fertilizationIII. Fruit- Basal and magnoloids are the oldest flowering plants groups- Basal angiosperm = oldest, Aimborella trichopoda is the most ancient living angiosperm- Magnoloids includes: laurels, magnolias, black pepper plants, and more- Monocots and eudicots are the two groups of flowering plants- Monocots = grasses bananas, orchids and lilacs- Eudicots (75% of flowering plants fit in this category) = oat tree, maple tree, cactus, and many, many moreStructure of an Idealized Flower- Petals are colorful to attract pollinators- Sepal and receptable are both green- Carpel = female part of flowero Stigma - entrance into the styleo Ovary - at the bottom of the styleo Ovule – contains the eggo Style – the pipe down to the ovary- Stamen = male part of flowero Anther – stores sperm and pollen and releases ito Filament – attaches anther to rest of plantFlower  Fruit- Fruit – mature ovary containing seedso Can be fleshy (apple, peach, etc.)o Can be dry - Fruits are adapted to disperse and protect seeds- Flowers attract animal pollinators- Flowers help to overcome plant’s challenge of dispersing genes- Fruits help overcome the challenge of dispersing offspring- Gymnosperms are ONLY wind pollinated- Fruits increase range of